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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


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D 
D 
D 

n 


n 

n 


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D 


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10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


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Agriculture  Canada 

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empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^'  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — *■  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method; 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

f 


i 


IIISTuli 


B'j.i:tin  No.  79. 

U.S.  i)i:i'Akr.Mi:\  1  oi-  Acikicii.irKi:. 

OFFICE    OF    KXPERIMENT    STATIONS, 

A.  C.   THUE.   Diro<  l..r. 


S27 


FAIIMKUS'IXSTITITKS: 


lll>Tii|;V  AND  STATIS  IN  TIIK  I'NlTKh  STATKS  \NI>  CANADA. 


BY 


T..    II.    B\IT.P:V.   M.   S.. 

i'i:(tKKs.s((i;  oi'  iioi.-ncri/n  i!i:.  rttijNKM,  iNtvEK.siTV, 


f! 


ii 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVKUNMKNT    I'KINTINtl    OFFICE. 
1  U  0  0 . 


I 


I.I-nr.K  OF  TR.WSMITTAI. 


V.   a.    DeI'AI.'TMENT   of   A(iRIOrLTURK, 

Ol-'l-'UnO   OK    KXPKKIMKNT   STATIONS. 

Wdsliiui/tini,  />.  ('.,  Frhnnay  Ih.  I'""-. 
SiK:  I  have  the  lioiioi' t<»  transmit  licrcwitli  an  article  on  rmiiicrs' 
institutes  in  tlie  I'nited  Slates  and  Canada,  picparcd  l»y  i'lni.  L.  II. 
Uailey,  of  Cornell  Cniversity.  There  is  an  iin-reasinj:'  deniainl  tin 
inlbrniation  rejrardint;'  tli(!  Narious  nieans  wliicii  have  l»e<'n  adojitcd  loi 
extending;' our  system  of  aj,M'ini!tnraI  education  to  tlie  actual  tilliiNnl 
the  soil.  This  artitde  ^iives  brief  historical  and  statistical  iiilniiii;! 
tion  rejiardiuj--  farnu'is"  institutes,  which  constitute!  one  of  tiic  most 
successful  ot  these  means,  i  therefore  reeoiunieiid  its  pMhlicMiinn  ;in 
lUilletin  T'.J  of     lis  Olliee. 

l{esi»e(!tfiilly, 

A.  C.  TiMTi;. 

Hon.  -lAMi.s  Wilson, 

iSirn'tai y  of  Ayricultun . 


(■()\Ti:\  IS. 


! 


-   '] 


i..  II. 


(iiiHi.il  ;iii<i  liisti>ririil  siirvoy  

Si:iii-!ii^  III"  tin:  StafcM  aiul  Provincps 

A!.ili;iinil 

\i  I /una 

\rK;iiiHas 

I'.i  itisli  Col  mil  Ilia  

(  iililiiriiia   

(  nlllf.llio 

<  ciiiinTliciit 


I>>'l:{ 


I  lui'i.la 
liiia 

\.\  ilio       . 

lixli.'iiia 
I- a:,   ... 


K:itl«:i.s 

I\'  !llll('k.V 

I.niii>iaiia   

\|lillc'      

M;milolia 

\l;ii  \  land 

M  iss:ii  liiisctts 
Mi.liiuaii     .... 

M    MlrMlta    .... 

\l  !-S|>si|l|li 

Mi<-iiiii  i 

^'iDilaiia 

\. 
\,. 

\. 
\. 

Nr 
\. 
\, 
\, 
\. 
\. 


lir.isK; 


«   Kninswick. 
A   liatiipsliiii'. 

»■  .ll'ISl'V    .     .  .  . 
^^     \lc\i('u    .  .  .  . 

^    V.nk    

I  'li  fiiioljiia 
111  Hak.ita.  .. 
1  Scotia 


Ill' 
I  111 


illn 


'iii-\  Ivaiiia 


Wl IslaiKl 


> 
8 
8 
<l 
<) 

y 

•) 

10 
10 

11 

II 
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II.' 

12 

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i.-i 

15 
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17 
17 
17 
18 
18 
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20 
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20 
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4 

StutinticH  «•(■  ilic  Stiiti'H  itiifl  I'roviiicet* — (ontiiinoil.  i.,  , 

SiHitli  (  iinilitM _'7 

South  |)iik(it)i   L'T 

'r<>iiiiONMce 'JH 

Texas -JH 

rtah ::x 

N'i'riiioiit L'ii 

\'ir;;iiii:( l!li 

\\  ;i>liiii>;lttii :;(i 

\\  tsl  Nirj^iniii  .ii' 

W'ix'onsiii ,';ii 

WyDiiiiii); :;ii 

Siiiiiiiiarv  Ill 

(  MlirialH  ill  cliar^r  nf  fariiiers'  iii.stitiiteH  in  tLe  I'liitod  Statea .ill 


1: 

■  A-' 


r\i;\n;i:s'  instititks:  iiistoiiv  and  statis  in  initki) 

STATKS  ANIMANADA. 


i 


GENERAL  AND  HISTORICAL  SURVEY. 

Till  history  <»f  the  nri^riii  of  tin-  t'iiniicis"  iiistitiiti'  is  nhsciin-,  hiif  it  is 


(•(•I  i.ii 


vlll' 


that  tlic  iiiuvfiiifiil  1m-;;:ui  carlii'i- 1  liaii  \n<'  ha\  <>  Im'cii  hd  to  siip- 
lln-  iiio\«'iiuMit  is  an  nin^rrowth  of  laniuTs"  Hcx-ictics  of  various 
many  of  wliicli  an*  of  h)ii<;  staiiilinji;'.  It  l)(>;;an  to  assiiinc  iletinite 
iiiiil  >r|iarat»'  shapo  caily  in  the  s«'V«'nties.  w  hrn  st'vcial  States  nndcr- 
tiMil  til  liiihl  lainH'is'  inrctin;;s  on  t'ssrntially  tlie  same  phin  as  at 
IHc-i  lit.  As  early  as  I.s»;'.t  iiixl  ISTO  surh  iiH'«'tin<;s  wi'ie  In-hl  in  Iowa 
li\  \\CI(h.  l.'olHM'ts,  IW'sscy.  Jones.  Matthews,  and  .Mis.  'I'lippei.  the 
i\|ir'  >es  liein;;  met  by  tin'  coinninnity  in  wliieli  the  institnt*'  was  held. 
Ill  1^71  an  aeconiit  of '•  fainieis'  institutes"  was  pnhlislied  in  the  lepoit 
(il  ilie  hoard  of  trnstees  ol  the  Iowa  A^iiiiiiltiiral  ('olIe<ie,'  in  wlddi  it 
In  >aiil  tiiat  ••  tin- exiteiiment  of  lioldin;;  lariiier.>' institutes  in  ditlereiit 
li'i;iliii(s  ill  the  State,  for  the  purpose  of  jfivilifT  familiar  le<rtures  on 
|iiii!iiiii(iii  lopirs  in  a^^ricnltnre,  was  tried  last  winter  with  very  jjiati- 
Iviii-  success.  Institutes,  lastinj;  tiiree  days,  wcMi'  held  at  Cedar  falls, 
<<  II I  mil  lljun's,  Washiiijitoii,  and  Mu  sea  line,  at  eaeli  of  wliieli  points  we 
IdiiiMi  III  enthusiastie  fiatlM'rinjfof  farmers."  \  erinont.  M  iehif^an.  and 
Millie  I. Mier  States  inaii;;iirate(l  institutes  about  this  time. 

The  (iiijiin  ot"  the  itinerant  lecture  system  for  tlie  instrnetion  of 
I'lMinriNis  to  be  soujilit  loiij;'  Ix'fore  this  t  line,  however.  As  early  as 
ISIL' ni'  |,si;;  such  lectures  were  inan^iurated  by  the  New  York  State 
Auiii  iiltural  Society,  and  these  were  s(»  succtessful  that  the  society 
ii(lii|.i('<|  the  followin;;  resolution  at  a  ineetiufj;"  held  in  Albany,  danuary 
1'".  IH>: 


Villi 


MlTi' 
tli.A 


''.    I'li.il  lli('|il:iii  wliicli  was  ;itl(»]it('i|    1>\   iIk'  Imiii 


•crt't.ii  ic>  ol'  tlic  New 


Aiiiiiiiltiir.il   Society  (I )anii'l   I.ic.  .loci   I'..  Notl.  ;iiicl    Iti'iiiainln   1'.  .Icliii- 


<l<li 


i-ssiiiir,  at  suitalili'  times,  comitv  aii'iieiiliiiral  socifUii's,  meets  the  dici 


.f  tl 


•  led 
ic  eomiiiillee.  .iiiil   lliev   trust   il  will   lie  citiiliiiiieil  liercal'tei-;  and 


il  tile  adoi>ticni  ol'  tlie  lesolntioM. 


M, 


liusetts  early  took  ste|)s  to  iiiauj^iirate  a  series  of  i'aiiners' 


iiisiiii:,.,  tlirou<fli   the  endeavors  of  the  State  board  of  ajiriciilturcv 


I V  lientlemaii,  1SS7.  p.  H7:>. 

Iiislury  ot  Mieliiyaii  iiistitntcs  see   lipi.  .Mieli.  ltd.  Ayr.  1875,  p.  7^ 


ions  article  oil  tliis  siilijeet  see  I'xperillielit  Station  li'eeoi' 

Itl 


'•1 


I.  ii: 


i' 
i 


I' 


l; 


.  > 


II 


\      i 


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M 


'»mw* 


6 

TIk'  first  rcfVn'iir*'  tosn<1i  tiuM'tiiif^s  i^  t<»  \*r  I'imiiuI  iti  tin*  rrconls  nf  f  Ik. 
s«'<'iTl;iry  ol   tlif  Stiitf  iMuml  ol   a;;i'i(-iiltiin-  iindt'i  (Lite  nf  .I;iiiiiiii'y  L'l. 
is.V.t.  wImmi  it  was  vot«'il   l»y  tli«'  Ixtaid  " to  appoinl  a  ntiiiinittiM-  to  con 
si<lri' ami  report  ii|ioti  tli<'  piopi  it-ty  of  iiistitiitiii<;  iiie(>tiii;;s  similar  to 
teaclH'is'  iiisiitiitj's."     This  coiiiiiiittft'  rt-portod   Kchniary  ;{,  lfS.'»1>.  in 
favoi- of  lioliliii*;  siicii  ni('itiii;:s.  and  rfconiiiiciidcd  tliat  they  he  roni 
inciicfd  as  soon  as  possild*'.     i't'luiiary  i,  JSTI,  tin'  Imard  voted  ••that 
the  various  ay:iifullural  soeieties  of  tlie  ("oininonwealth  he  n.|iiestt(l 
to  or<;ani/e  an   annual   nu'etin;;   lor  leetures  and  discnssioiiH  at  surli 
tjjne  and  place  a^  may  he  eonv  enieiit   lor  eaeli  society :  these  nieelin;;s 
to  he  denominated  •'I'lie  I-'arnu-rs'  Institutes  of  Massachusetts,'"     I'd). 
nniry  7.  ISTS.  it  was  voti-d :  ••That    the  ayrieultural  soeieties  re<'ei\  in;; 
the  hounty  of  the  (  Ominoiiwealt  li    h*^  retpiested   to  arran^re  and   IkiIiI 
one  or  more  farnuMs'  institutes  each  year  within  their  limits:  and  that 
tliey  he  informed   that    the  hoard  will  render  all  the  assistance  in  its 
powci    to  in;ike  such  institules  instructive  and  useful   to  the  pul'lic" 
I'Vhru.iiy  <i,  lS7t>.  this  vote  was  anu-nded   hy  suhstitiiting  the  wnni 
'Meipiiied  "  for  '•re»|uested."  and  ehan^in^'  the  iiumher  to  be  held  cicii 
year  from  ••one'"  to  ''three."     l-'ei unary  ."•,  ISSd,  it   was   voted:  ••Tli;it 
in  the  opinion  of  this  lK)ard  it  is  expedient  that  the  secretary  atteiMJ  us 
many   farmers'  institules  as  the  other  duties  of  his  (dlice  will  alhiw." 
!''ehruaiy    •<.   ISST.    it   was  vot«'d :  ••That    tiie  rule  re<|uirin<;  sociiiicN 
receivin;;  the  hounty  (d'  the  State  to  hold  at  least  three  institutes  fiur 
in  the  year   i)e  restated  and  enforced."     I'ehriniry  7.  ISSl).  the  lin;ir(i 
adojited   the  rnllow  in;;-  rule:  '•  I'.acli  ajiriciiltiiral   society  reeeiviiiu  i in- 
l»ouiity  of  the  < 'ommonwealth  is  herel)y  required  to  irraiifre  and  ln»!il 
not  less  than   three  fanners"  institutes  each  ealentlar  year  within  its 
limits,  and  the  l)oard  will  render  all  the  assistance  in  its  power  to  make 
siieli  iiisliliit*  s  interestiii':  and  profitahle.    The  secretary  is  expecttij  to 
attend  as  many  of  these  institutes  as  is  coinpatilde   with   tin-  "linT 
«liities  ot  his  olliee.  and   he  will  provide  lecturers  for  the  institiii'^as 
far  as  the  appr()|niati(»ii  for  this  object  will  warrant.     And  the  ^"  ^tiai 
aj^i  ieiiltiiial  societies  are  earnestly  ie(|nested  at  tiieir  annual  mei  'iii;;>i 
to  li\  (lie  dates  at  wliieh  tiiey  will  hold  the  several  iiistiiutes  iei|;nn'(l. 
and  tin'  subjects  they  desire  to  have  discussed,  suid  at  once  notir.  tlie 
secretary  of  the  ixiard   if  tlie\    d«'sire  assistance  in   tiie  prociir   ;:  <>t 
leitnreis.     Societies  may  anaiij^e  and  liold  more  than  three  in-I    ntcs 
if  they  so  desire,  and  the  secretary  of  each  society  is  reiiuired  to<  ntitV 
to  the  holdin;;  (d'  eath  institute,  upon  hlaidis  provided   tiy  this-   '<•<'.' 
Durinu   the  calendar  year  IS'M),  ;>r>  societies  held   IL".>  instituit-       N" 
rejiiilar  amount  has  been,  or  is  now,  api)r()priated  by  the  State  •     pii^ 
the  expenses  of  these  institutes.     The  State  ^^raiits  an  annual        iii'\ 
of  sddii  to  each   iucoiporated  agricultural  society  complyiii;;  w       il"' 
law  and  with  the  re;iulations  (d"  the  hoard  of  a;:rieulture.     Siii<     i><l' 
the  boar<l  of  a;trieulture  has  held  an  annual  three  days*  countr.\    ;'i»'' 
erably  public  winter)   meeting  in  some  secticm  of  the  Couimoi'     n't'' 


foi  lectures  iind  (lisciission,  the  i)n>ct>e<liiijrs  of  which  liavc  iippfarcd 
iitiimally  ill  tlu»  A{fiiciilturc  of  Mas.siichii.sett.s.  Marcli  L'O,  ISOO,  tiui 
Ic^iisiMtiire  approved  an  act  which,  aiiioii;^  other  thiii<;s,  authori/<'«l  the 
cNiuiitiiture  for  other  clerical  seivices  (over  and  above  one  clerk  with 
lixcii  salary)  in  his  othce.  and  tor  h*<'t tires  ludore  the  hoard  of  ajjri- 
ciiltiire,  at  its  annual  and  other  nie«'tinjis,  a  sum  n<»t  exceeilin;^  ^KMI. 
ill  l^'^T  this  amount  was  increased  to  i»s(M>  per  annum.  This  amount 
lia>  liceii  used  each  year  to  pay  lecturers,  steuojjra pliers*  services,  etc., 
at  III  is  meetinJ,^ 

Till'  legal  authority  for  the  hohling  of  institutes  in  Miehijian,  in  eon- 
iiciiiuM  with  the  Agricultural  College,  is  held  to  l)e  derived  from  tlie 
tullnwing  clause  in  the  organic  law  of  ISJJl  :  '-The  State  i»oai<l  of  agri- 
( III: lire  iiiav  institutes  winter  courses  of  lectures  for  others  than  stu- 


iltiii--or  the  institution,  under  necessarv  rules  and  regidations. 


Thi> 


.Michigan  law  possesses  unusual  interest,  for  it  is  prohaldy  the  hrst  legal 
antlioiity  conferred  upon  an  «'<lucational  institiiticui  in  this  c<»untiy  (<» 
(luvv  iiistiiictioM  ti)  fanners  who  are  not  students  in  the  college.  And 
tlii>  iccalis  the  fact  that  the  farmers'  institute  movement  is  es.sentially 
luiiM'isity  extension,  inasmuch  as  the  iireater  number  of  tin*  institutes 
;iie  iicld  under  the  auspices  of  the  agricultural  colleges,  'i'he  vital 
coiiiiectirMi  wliicli  exists  l»etv\een  these  colleges  and  the  institutes  may 
he  liarnefl  from  a  study  of  the  statistics  presemed  on  the  f(»llowiiig 
|iaj;i's:  and  it  may  also  be  said  that  evt'ii  in  those  .States  in  which  this 
oltliial  and  legal  eonnection  does  not  exist  the  teachers  in  the  colleges 
are  1  \|iected  to  identify  themselves  with  the  institute  work.  It  is  true 
that  tlie  institute  movement  lacks  much  of  the  detiiiiteness  (»f  specific, 
iuiiv(i>ii\  extension,  l)Uf  the  ultimate  aims  of  the  two  are  tiie  same, 
ami  \\iit«'is  upiui  university  extension  are  recognizing  this  fact. 

fill  institutes  are  now  undergoing  a  transformation.  Fanners  arc 
^ll||^lantly  asking  for  more  specific  instruction,  and  courses  of  technical 
IciIiMcs  ni)on  a  series  of  intimately  related  topics  are  in  demand.     This 


•ifi d  lias  "iveii   rise  to  itinerant  "dairv  schoob 


•schools  of  horti- 


iiiiinii'."  and  similar  organizw.tions  in  various  States.  The  institute 
liiiiciMs  in  some  eases  pul)Iish  a  rosier  of  sjieakers,  with  announce- 
null!  m|  their  subjects,  and  from  these  lists  the  different  localities 
M'lii  I  liieir  lecturers,  'flic  <leniand  for  definite  and  conse<Miti\('  instrnc- 
tinii  II  agriculture  has  brought  forward  a  numi)er  of  scliemes  htoking 
tiiil.-  iiiteiisiticration  and  extension  of  tlie  institute  system. 

flu  tanners'  institute  has  exerteil  a  most  powerful  intluence  u|>on 
'lie  .:riculture  of  the  country.  It  is  in  the  highest  sense  a  |ihilaii- 
tlun|,ir  and  patriotic  movement.  In  Wisconsin,  for  example,  it  has 
nil  I  til  mark«'d  success,  and  it  is  n<»t  surprising  that  a  lormer  super- 
iiitci  .lent  of  the  institutes  in  that  State.  W.  II.  Morrison,  should  write 
tliii-  1  illiusiastically  t>f  the  results: 

'  '^^  "ilial  Mill  ImU  ilif  liirtinrv  lit' tlii>  iiiovjMiiciit  ia  \Via<'oiisin  — liow  tlic  iiistitiitcH 
li'i^'       iiiiiilalod  a  luiilc  hikI  icsiirct  liir  iigriciiitui'o.  liMii)j;iiig   runners  tuKi'tlii'r  to 


\ 


I 


8 

ronipaip  jiml  |Mml  ixprrienro.  They  K'^*'*  the  fiiniuT  an  opportunity  to  meet  inn>ttr" 
ill  uui'iiMiltiii'c,  tiiHii  will)  iiiako  tli«  luisitii'NH  oT  fariniiiK  a  Hi-jonce  anil  a  lilrwiMi,. 
'i'lH'\  linilil  np  iiihI  nnili' fiiin  iiitiTfHt-<.  <-nort;i/i' an<l  t'lTtili/i- Imal  thiiii^lit.  niiLr 
iiD'ii  anil  u  onii'ii  l>i-ttiT  s;itiNtii'i|  with  tin'  iMriii,  anil  will  liavr  tlii'  ti'inlniry  lo  k<  ip 
a  fair  piirti)iii  ol'  tin-  Ik-nI  lioy>  mi  tlir  lariii.  Tliey  ar<>  rrviijiitioni/iii^  at;ri<'iilttiii'  in 
iIiIh   Stall',  anil    llii-ir    pnwor  \va>  Mi 


III    lii'i'ili-il    liv  iinr    li'^islal  nil-    la^l  w 


Ml.T. 


l-'iirtmiatcly.  our  farm  iiisliliiti'  work  in  iiihIit  tli«<  aii(*]iiii'>  ai  imr  Statr  I 'iiivi'r>iiiy 


Mv  oDIro  iH  in  tin* 


liiiililiti;;  with   rroli'ssor   llriirv ,  iliri'rtor  of  tlii«  ixpiTiimn 


Mlation,  anil  wlialt-vrr  may  roiiir  from  liiM  rxpttrimrntM  thai  will  aiil  thr  rarniiT'- of 
thi-  Stati'  iH  tak«Mi  liy  our  farm  iiiMtitiiti-H  ami  HrattiTf>(l  all  ovi-r  tlm  Statr.  'i'ln-  im  t 
is,  tliry  .iri'  iliiinu  iiiiir*-  fm    thr  Stati«  than   thi' oiiuinalors  of  tin-  law  i-vi-r  thnn-lit 


or  I'xpi'rieil.     'i'hr.N  I'liihlril  ln-itrr  than   Iht-y  ki 


lew, 


11 


U'  iimlitiiti-M  an-  edinaiin^ 


our  fariiuTN  to  hi-ttir  imcIIioiIh.  ami  iinri-aHint;  thi<  rowanlM  nf  tlio  farm.  •>  'v 
to".'  institiiirs  arr  lirlil  I'.-H'h  wintiM',  attiMiilril  l>y  an  a\  i'r;ij;i' of  o\  i-r  ."i(MM'ariiiri>. 
making  tliriii  a  yrr.it  fi-i-iliT  to  all  thr  coiirm''*  in  tin-  iinivt-rsity.  .\nil,  lantly.  iiii\ 
aru  a(t\rrtiHin(r  thw  roMonrrrH  of  \\  iHronsin,  as  wt^  iMsiic  atinnally  :tl,<HNi  itopii- m|  a 
farm  institati'  Imlletin. 

N»'aiiy  ••«s.").(K>0  wen*  s|>ent  in  l."^!M  in  Vrntli  .Vmorica  fur  lariin'is' 
iii.stitiitt's, 

in  tlu'  lolldwiiij;  rtnMtnv  tacts  ii'lutiii};  to  fjirincfs'  institutes  (•oiln  led 
in  I.SIH  '  arc  snininari/.cil  in  connection  witli  tlata  jjatlicrol  Ironi  oiln  lal 
sources  in  1S!>!».  Tiiis  lurnislu;s  a  liasis  for  intcrestinjj  conipaii-nn.s 
iii'twccii  tiic  niitveinciits  in  1S!M  and  lS!lt»,aii<l  indicates  tlio  piomi'ss 
wliicii  lias  hccii  made,  liii'  intbnnation  for  l.SO'J  attemiits  to  answri  tiit' 
fniliiw  iiiof  (iiiestioiis: 

(1)  Under  wlial  anspicres  are  llm  institutes  held? 

(•-')  How  many  institutes  are  held  each  year,  and  what  is  the  attrinl 
a  nee :' 

(."»)   Iloware  the  institutes  distributed  or  liH'atetl  f 

(4)  How  much  money  is  availahle  for  farmers'  institutes? 

(."))  is  there  a  State  department  of  aj;;riciiltiire .' 

The.se  statistics  must  impress  one  with  the  extent  of  the  elTorts  w  hirli 
arclM'inii  madciin  all  [larts  of  >«orth  America  .o  awaken  and  \u  eduiati' 
the  farmer. 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  STATES  AND  PROVINCES. 


ALABAMA. 


1SJ)1.     .Vimual  approin-iation,  !!<.i.(M>0, 

1S<M».     In  Alabaica.  farmcis*  institutes  are  held   nialer  the  an 
both  of  the  State  comiiiissidiier  of  afiriciilture  and  under  the  Pol 
nie  Institute  at  Auimrii.     Tiiey  are  distriliutcd  whete  applicatim 
made.    The  Polytechnic   Institute  (A;,'ricultiiral  and  Mechanic;! 
lef>e)  held  L'O  institutes  in  lS«IS-<»!>.  at  a  cost  of  .'i<-|(M>.     Fiiteen  insii 
were  held  during'  IS'.M)  at  which  the  total  attemlam-e  was  about  1.    K'tc 
1,KH). 


'U't'S 
rrh 

-  all' 
Col- 
ntcs 


■  I'nblishtMl  111  .\nnal.s  ol   llortiviiltiiru,  18M1. 


9 


ARIZONA. 

1  ■>'.•!.     No  junvisioiiR  mii»l«'  \\>v  institutes. 

Is'.iK.  The  riiiiiH'i>'  institutes  licM  in  Ari/onii  an*  iindtT  the  auspices 
III  tlif  Ai'i/.ona  A/^ricuItiiial  Association.  I'roni  one  to  t'oui'  liu\'i>  been 
lirid  liK'li  year  for  the  past  three  years,  the  institnti'  movement  havin;; 
fM>!ti|  in  AiizfUia  omIv  lor  that  h-nyth  of  time.  Tlie  cxperimenl  station 
ii*»iMe«l  at  seven  institutes  diiiin;;  the  hittiT  iialf  of  IS'.Hl,  tlie  total 
iitinitlance  at  whieli  was  estimated  to  he  al>ont  7(M>.  Tin'  institutes 
ii;i\.  heen  held  thus  far  in  Salt  lliver  Valley  only,  which  is  the  chief 
ai;rii  iiltmal  re;;ion  of  the  Territory.  No  .set  sum  has  ]»een  se;;reyatcd 
I'm  Institute  purposes,  hut  the  expenses  thereof  liave  Iteen  hunu'  by  tlie 
;il:i  h  iillural  (iillejie  and  experinu'ut  station.  There  is  no  State  depart- 
iiiciii  of  agriculture  in  Arizona. 

ARKANSAS. 

I-^'M.     I'armers' institutes  had   not   been   organized   in  this  State  in 

IV'I. 

Is'.m.  Theie  has  been  little  direct  institute  work  in  Arkan.sas.  \'ery 
icniitly  the  experiment  stati(»ii  has  been  provided  with  a  pomologist 
«liM  i>  to  hav«'  charge  of  the  wot  k.  It  is  the  intentio  i  to  hold  at  least 
line  institute  in  eacii  county  the  connng  season,  'riiere  are  many  appli- 
liii'uiis  trom  farmers  particularly  iVoin  the  cotton  growing  sections. 
Tiitic  is  a  department  of  mines,  mauutactures.  aiul  agriculture,  with 
liiMilijUarters  at  Little  U(»ck. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

ls!i'.i.  'fhe  faiiuers"  institutes  ot'this  Province  are  lunb'r  the  auspices 
lit  I  1m  gnveriimcnt.  and  controlled  by  a  superinteinlent.  The  I'mvinee 
isilivided  into  institut«'  districts,  by  a(;t.  and  one  institute  is  allowed 
in  1  icli  district.  Two  regular  meetings,  to  which  the  speakers  are 
.•ici  I  ill  the  e.\pens«' of  the  govei  iimeiit,  are  allowed  to  each  institute 
(Mil!  Near:  and  as  nrany  supplementary  meetings  as  the  institutes 
tii('M-c  to  iia\e.  they  jiroviding  the  speakers,  except  wiien  speakers  are 
ask.  (i  to]-,  ill  which  case  tlu^  guverniiient  i»ays  the  fares  only.  The 
iii^ii;  nics  aresup])orted  entirely  l>y  tlu'  Provincial  government.  .")(l  cents 
\i>'\  ill  ad  heing  the  p<'r  capita  grant  to  institutes,  and  ^i't.M)  per  day  Ibi- 
s|m;i  iiN  sent  to  regular  meetings.  The  last  year's  grant  amounted  to 
^■'.""11.  The  number  of  insiitut"s  held  in  1S!»!»  was  1(K"»,  the  total 
atit  liihnice  ."«,.'>17.     There  is  a  I'ldvincial  de|)aitnient  of  agricidture. 


S    ' 


CALIFORNIA. 

1^  .     No  fari'iers' institutes. 

1^'  .     file  department  of  university   extension    in    agricultuic   of 

'li'' !  ivt  isity  of  ("alilbniia  holds  the  farmers"  institutes.     Tlie  ollicial 

\«Mi  nils  .July    1.     Ill    18!»7-!l.s,  7',»   institutes   were  held;    in    l.S!KS-D!», 


i 

'J 

-4 


10 


so  were  li('l<l.  Tlio  iivora^rc  attendance  at  each  of  tliese  iiisfitutes  j-; 
estitiiated  to  l»c  L'dO,  iiiaki!!^  a  total  ntalidiit  17.(l<l(>.  It  is  the  aim  tn 
ilistribute  tlie  institutes  soinewliat  uiiirorinly  j;e(n;rapliically,  but  lii'' 
<letei  luiniu*;'  t'aet<»r  is  the  spontaneit.x  i>\'  the  apitiicatioii  and  tlie  sissiir 
jince  of  local  pieitaraticui.  'Die  university  carries  on  tlie  woi  k  I'khii  it> 
own  funds.  In  lSltS-!t!»  altont  *  I. .">()()  wen'  <'xpeiid«'d.  inchnliny  tlir 
sahu'ies  of  t\v<»  conductors.  California  has  a  State  l)oai'd  of  aj;iiriil 
tare,  the  chief  duty  of  wiiicii  is  the  hohlinj;  of  fairs. 


COLORADO. 


i 

"■is 

j 

*{ 

11 

ISJM.  No  d^'cet  appro|iiiatioiis  were  made  by  the  jjeneral  assembly 
durinj;  this  yea>  for  the  purpose  of  supportinji  aiul  cdnduc-tiuj;'  faiiucis' 
institutes.  Tiie  State  board  (»f  a.uri(;ulture  set  aside  a  certain  sum  to 
be  used  for  the  puiposc  (d'defrayiiij,'  the  expenses  of  ])rofessors  attenil 
in^'  sucli  institutes  held  in  dillerent  parts  of  the  State.  Since  the  yi;ii' 
1.S8S  a  record  had  been  kept  of  the  amount  e\i»eudcd  for  this  puiii'.sc, 
which  is  as  follows:  I'or  the  year  ISSS.  .■<!•!». ."i.";;  for  tlu'  year  1-^Vi. 
.*rt(i.(l():  for  the  year  ISllo.  s1l>1.S(»;  for  the  year  ISMl,  s'.K);  tor  tlic  y.  mt 
ISUli  the  sum  ot  ^olKt  liad  been  appropiiated  for  said  purposes. 

1SM!>.  All  farmers' institutes  in  Colorado  are  held  undei' the  aiispjccs 
of  the  State  A;;ricultural  Colle.nc.  Theie  is  no  detinite  numlter  held 
ea>  ii  year;  they  have  varied  IVoiu  about  i>  to  iM).  These  nieetiiiLis  iic 
not  rej>ularly  distribute(l  oxci'  the  Stale.  They  are  iield  entirely  in  the 
irrifiated  districts,  and  at  least  one-third  of  tiicm  are  iield  in  countt  Hon 
with  mectinji's  ot  local  I'ouioiia  j:ran.i:'es,  There  are  also  several  lnial 
orj;anizations  wiiicli  ajiply  to  t  lu'  collej.(t'  for  speakers  to  be  sent 
conduct  the  mcetiuus.  There  is  no  delinite  sum  available  for  the  insti- 
tutes; each  locality  is  expected  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  room  in 
which  the  meetiui;-  is  held,  of  piintinu  programmes,  mid  othci'  l-iial 
expenses.  The  raili'oads  furnish  fi'ee  trans|)ortation  and  the  cuilei.'c 
pays  the  rest  of  the  travelinj;' expenses;  also  the  hotel  exi>enses  iiiiii'ir 
are  any.  althouj^h  the  local  people  are  very  likely  to  take  care  ..i  the 
speakers  wliile  the\'  are  in  town.  On  tlie  axeraj^e  tiiere  luis  bci  n  less 
than  •"•'loO  a  year  spent  by  the  ('olleuc  on  these  institutes.  Tlieic  '^  no 
State  departuu'iit  of  ajiiiculture.  There  is  a  socalled  State  bdiinl  i>l 
aj>riculture.  but  this  is  merely  the  le<;al  title  for  the  trustees.'  ilu' 
State  Afrricultmal  Collej^e. 


(I    lirlll 


CONNECTICUT. 

ISiH.  No  api)ropriatiou.  The  board  of  aiii'iculture  held  an  iiiiji'  '^uit 
winter  nieetinji'  fiom  its  own  funds,  and  about  sjdo  per  year  wa^  ■  ;  Inr 
wise  expended  tor  institute  work. 

18!)1».     Tile  farmers"  institutes  in  Connecticut  are  held  under  tlir  ;ius 
pices  of  the  State  board  of  agriculture,  the  State  hairyuu'ti's  A^ -"i:! 
tion,  and  tiie  State   l'omolo,i>ical  Society.      .\s  nniny  are  held     'iily 
as  the  secretaries  of  these  orjiaiii/atituis  may  deem  advisable,  va  mi'p 


11 


•<ii 


iclll 

ill  .1  1- 

,.ov 

ln:,,|    1 

icir 

is  \\'<  ,- 

till' 

tin;,    p 

li'-;s 

-  iiii 

1  ol' 

iv.i 

Ilic 

ivi: 

I'M-l     1 

tllr,!. 

ill     •     !• 

l;llll 

till-    ■    1 

ll.T 

In  1    , 

Mini  ' 

,111S- 

lii;i\ 

ici;i- 

tiili 

^.rly 

Kill  II 

iiijr 

;ill  ;!■ 

s()iiM\vli;it  witli  tho  t'linrls  iivailablc  and  the  calls  roci'ivcd.  Abouf 
iL' 1(1  I  "i  were  Ii«'l(l  in  IS'.lS.  not  iuclMdiiij;-  aniiiiai  iiH'ctiiijj:s  of  each  of 
tln-c  oiiiaiii/.atioiis.  Tlic  total  attendance  at  institnles  duiin<f  IS'.Ul 
is  i-iiniatcd  at  al»oiit  .">.(i(M».  The  institutes  by  the  State  hoard  are 
iji-ii  ilaited  ciiit'lly  accoidini;'  to  applications  iocei\(>d,  while  those  held 
liy  ilic  State  Dairymen's  Association  aic  tlistrihnted  accordinj,'  to  tho 
jii.i.iiient  of  the  secretary.  There  is  no  spt'cial  appropriation  for  insti- 
tiit'  -.  The  \arions  State  t)r<iani/ations  holdini;  the  same  use  money 
lidiii  I  heir  ic;;nlai-  approjtriations  alter  holding  annual  conventions  and 
iillitwinj;'  fur  otliei'  iiecessaiy  exjK'nses.  There  is  a  State  hoard  of  aji'ri- 
ciiliiiie  in  ( 'oiine(;tic,nt,  apjiointed  in  part  by  tiie  -overnor,  and  in  part 
In  I  lie  lej;islatnre  by  (ronnties. 

DELAWARE. 

Is'il.  Annnal  a^jpropriation  of  *L.M»(l  to  each  of  the  three  connt'ps. 
Ill  111  act  providing;  for  the  Iioidinj;- of  fartners' institutes,  jtassed  March 
:".".  I  >s;»,  the  object  of  the  institutes  is  delined  to  be -'the  discussion 
oi;iily.  or  l»y  written  essays  oi-  papers,  of  afjrictdturai  or  kindled  mat 
tci -.  .iihl  for  the  disseiiiiiiatioii  of  a.uricultiii'al  knowledge  ainoiij;'  the 
till  iiMis  of  tiie  State." 

[■^'.•'.•.  i",acli  coiiiit>  receives  sL'Ott  if  it  oryani/.es  ;i  body  teclinically 
liiiiiuii  ;is  an  institute.  The  o'hcers  of  this  institute  "  shall  be  a  ju'esi- 
ilciii.  \  ice-presidciit.  secictary.  treasurer,  and  «'.\ecutive  committee  of 
\')\r  III  nine  nu'inbers,"  This  institute  for  the  election  <tf  ollicers  is  prac- 
tic,ill\  a  mass  ineetiiii:  (»f  the  fanners  of  the  county.  The  otiicers  serve 
niif  \  car  \viih(»ut  compensation  Tiie  institiitt'  may  liold  as  many  meet- 
in--  ;is  it  ciioose,  ---.it  sucli  times  and  i)laces  as  the  members  *  *  * 
iii,i\  '  '^  *  determine."  Sometimes  S  to  12  meetinjis  nniy  be  lield 
'oiiiity.  \i)oiit.  ."it!  siicii  meetiii;;s  were  held  diiiiiijn  1S!)!(.  The 
loi.il  iiiiiiilier  of  farmers  atteiidiiiji'  was  probably  "J, 0(H)  to  DjodO.  There 
Stale  department  of  auricnltiire.  althou^'h  the  new  State  constitii- 
o\ides  Ibr  the  orf^aiii/ation  of  one  by  the  lej:islature. 


FLORIDA. 

1.     No  apjtropi  iation. 

'■*      No  tarmers"  institutes  were  held  in   I'lorida  jMcvioiis  to  the 

•'ilie^iate  year.  Institutes  arc  now  held  under  the  auspices  of 
liaitmeiit  of  afjricultnre  of  the  Afi'iicultiiral  ( 'olle.i;('.  <  Mie  is  held 
li  comity  (»f  the  State  annually,  provided  local  parties  reipiest 
"le.     They  are  held  (Uilyui»on  request  fiom  theditlereiit  counties. 

•I'M'iit   tliat  leqiiests  are  not  received  from  certain  coiintiea  and 

''i|iiests  are  received  from  other  counties,  more  than  one  institute 

•  '  held  in  an,\  ;:iven  county,  provided  the  total  niiiiilier  of  iii>ti- 

1  the  State  does  i\ot  exceed  the  total  number  of  counties,  af^j^re 

:  1'.'  for  the  State,  l-'ourteeii  institutes  weie  held  in  iS'.'!*  with 
laj"!' attendance  of  about -'{OO.     There  is  no  money  availa'        )r 


f 


12 

institutes  spccilically  outside  of  tlie  rejjular  educational  income  of  the 
<!oIlefi^t'.     The  lailroads  in  tlie  State  cooperate  in  tlie  nioveiiieut,  Imw 
ever.     There  is  a  State  de|»artiuent  of  a<,nieulture  witii  a  coinniissiMii  r 
of  af,'ri('ultiire,  elected  by  the  people,  with  head(|uarters  i:i  Tallahasst'c. 

GEORGIA. 

lS(tl.     No  approjjriation. 

IS!H>.  In  (l<'or{jia  farineis*  institutes  are  co'idueted  under  the  aiis. 
piees  of  the  State  ( 'ollej^e  of  Ajfrieulture  and  Mechanie  Arts.  Uecaiist' 
of  lack  of  means  and  time  the  institute  work  fas  keen  irrejjular  ol  late. 
Alxiut  IS  iustitntes  are  held  annually  on  an  averajje.  They  are  irrcL'ii 
laily  distributed,  beinj;  jiiven  where  there  is  paitieular  demand  Im 
tiiem.  Aside  Ironi  the  otlicia!  institutes,  the  various  ollicers  of  ilie 
experiment  station  jxive  aid  to  meetings  wlienevei' they  <'an.  Diirinu 
the  present  year  anotlier  institute  movement  has  licen  prominent.  Ii  is 
established  and  nniintained  liy  the  .\tlanta  Kveidnj?  .lournal,  and  is  pci  - 
sonally  suiierintended  by  its  editor.  Durinji'  the  Rummer  of  ISiiitihis 
ji'entleman  comluctcd  al>ont  ."»(►  institutes.  The  State  has  nevei'  ai>|ni)- 
priated  nnniey  for  institute  work,  but  tlie  colk'jie  has  been  in  the  liahit 
of  Siivin;;'  from  siMtii  to  !f~)\M  annually  for  the  work.  The  State  dc|i:irt- 
ment  of  a^iriculturc  lias  been  orpainzed  Ibr  many  years  at  the  caiiiial. 
the  otlieial  head  beinj;  the  State  commissioner  of  ajiricultnre.  wim  iv 
one  of  the  ji'overnoi'"s  ('i>i)inet.  In  IS'.IS  the  otiiee  of  State  entoni(>i();;i<t 
was  estal)lishe(l,  whi(!!i  is  under  tlie  direction  of  the  coinmissioinidt 
ajjrieulture.  The  State  entomoloi^ist  has  attended  farmers' insiitii!i'.> 
whenever  practical >le. 

In  ]ilace  of  short  institutes  iield  for  a  day  or  two  at  a  tim(»  in  variniis 
parts  of  the  State,  there  has  now  been  projected  a  localized  (U'cont inn 
ous  institute  to  l)e  held  for  nine  montlis  each  year  in  coniu'ction  \Hiii 
the  model  faim  of  the  State  rniversity  at  Athens.  This  nioveim m  is 
efpiivaU'iit  to  what  in  other  States  is  called  a  short  course  or  wiitci 
course  in  auriculture. 

IDAHO. 

ISO!).     I'aiincrs"  institutes  an^  (;onducted  under  the  direction  ni  ;lic 
i'xperiment  station. 

ILLINOIS. 

1S!(I.  In  ISS;>  the  thirty  sixth  {general  assend)ly  appro|)riateil  ^Uw 
l)er  annum  tor  the  use  of  each  Co?i^ressional  district  in  the  State  hold- 
inji'  faruMTs"  institute  meetin.i;s.  Theie  beinj;'  twenty  {'onjiie-^s:  iiial 
districts,  the  sum  apjU'opriated  tiierelbi-  amounts  to  ■':^l,<tO(l  for  tin  ^^<» 
lejiislative  years.  There  was  jtaid  to  the  districts  holdin;>-  t'aiinrrs" 
institutes  from  said  approjtriation  the  sum  (d'  .■?•').<•()(►.  The  ll  ;it,v 
seventh  {jeneial  ass(Mnbly,  IS'.tj,  passed  an  act  approjjriatin^'  tii'  ^luii 
of  •*.")(>  annually  lor  two  yeais  to  each  county  faiwuers'  institute,  i  mtc 
beinji'  1(L'  counties  in  the  State,  the  appropi'iation  therefor  amom  ■>  to 
the  sum  of  5SlO,-OU.     Ft'w  of  the  counties  lu'ld  meetings. 


13 


1  >!•!•.  OiM!  iiistitiit<'  is  lii'ld  aiiiinally  in  each  comity  iiikUm-  tlie 
aii-|)i<'es  of  count}'  ()ij;iiiiizations.  A,s  already  stated,  tlic  State  makes 
;iii  ii»j)roi)riation  for  each  county  institute  of  $."»<>.  l)ut  lor  the  ensuiii;;' 
t\\n  yi'.irs  AT")  jiro  aUowcd  to  each  county.  In  achlition  to  tliis,  tiie 
St  lie  appropriates  mS.OIIO  annually  to  the  Illinois  State  I'aiiners' 
ln-;Mnte.  which  is  an  ollicial  hoard.  The  State  institute  lias  an  advi- 
Miiy  iiillueuci!  over  the  county  institutes  uiul  ludds  annually  a  State 
iiiciiiii:  of  three  days'  session.  The  institute  inau<;iirates  various 
cdiK  itioiial  work.  The  boai'd  of  directors  of  the  institute  is  composed 
111  !lie  State  su|>erinteiMleiit  of  publii;  instrMction,  president  State 
lt;iir\ men's  Association,  dean  of  ColIej;e  of  Af;riculture,  president  State 
iiu  Ml!  (if  Agriculture,  president  State  Horticultural  Society,  and  one 
iiiiiiilier  elected  from  each  Congressional  district  of  the  State.  'I'here 
is  also  in  Illinois  a  State  board  of  a.nriciilture.  Its  principal  duty  i.s  to 
iiiaiiaue  the  Illinois  State  fair  and  collect  (|uarterly  crop  statistics. 


INDIANA. 

is'.M.     An  annual  ap|)ropriation  of  65,0(K). 

IMt'.i.  The  farmers'  in>titutes  of  Indiana  are  provi(U'd  for  by  a  State 
a|i|iinpriation,  and  are  held  under  the  auspices  of  I'lirdiie  University. 
I'.a.  h  county  in  the  State  (".tl')  holds  an  annual  institute  understate 
aiisiiices.  In  a  larj^e  iiinnber  of  cases  a  sec<tnd  nu-etiiij;  is  also  held  if 
till'  direct  apportionment  of  82~>  for  local  expenses  is  not  all  used  on 
llif  lirst  meetinj;.  Over  one  hundred  institutes  under  State  auspices 
III  lield  annually  (l<i;>  durin<>'  ls;iS-!»'.t).  and  about  2.")  independent 
MM' liiiiis.  These  independent  ]neetin<;s  are  held  by  the  same  local 
niLiaiii/ation  which  has  charge  of  the  annual  meetings  understate  (!on- 
lini  Tlie  meetings  arc  distributed  by  counties.  The  general  average 
iittnidanee  is  about  !-'")(>.  making  the  total  attendance  probably  .">(),(l(>(>  to 
.u.iiiMi.  Tlu'  sum  of  s.").()(»(i  is  appropiiated  annually  for  this  work, 
flu  Slate  board  of  agriculture  in  Indiana  corres])onds  with  the  State 
auruMltural  society  of  iMichigan.  It  has  in  charge  the  State  fair,  and 
jiiiliii-hes  a  report  of  the  lair  and  of  the  various  imlustrial  nuietings 
licId  a;  the  stateliouse.  Theri'  is  no  State  commissioner  uf  agricultur*'. 
Tin  local  organizations  which  coopeiatc  with  the  superintendent  of 
iiis!  Miles  in  holding  the  animal  institutes  in  the  several  counties  have 


Mfl'li   HI 


gaiii/ed,  with  the  exc,ei»tion  of  two  or  three  cases,  for  the  express 


pill  liOM'  of  arranging  for  ami  holding  farmers'  institutes. 


IOWA. 


1^'''.  No  approi)riation.  During  the  winter  of  18!»()-01  the  State 
i>>riii  iiliiiral  society  and  the  agricultural  college  appropriated  a  small 
^iiin.  Institutes  were  held  at  this  period  but  they  were  supported  by 
iiiiii\  duals  or  societies. 

•  ■^''i.     In  most  cases  one  institute  is  held  in  each  county;  sometimes 


14 

two.  Thoy  arc  hold  under  flio  auspices  of  the  looil  iiistitiito  oR'hi  is 
of  each  county.  State  aid  lo  liic  extcMit  of  $")(»  i.s  appiopiiatcd  to  c.n  li 
county,  of  wliicli  tliere  are  !)!>.  'I'here  is  a  State  dei)artuieut  of  agri- 
culture, but  it  does  not  j;overn  the  institutes. 


KANSAS. 

1891.     No  appropriation. 

l.M'O.  Up  to  IS'.Mt,  no  State  fuiul.s  were  available  for  institutes,  luit 
from  $400  to  $000  have  been  taken  from  the  collefi^e  funds  annuiilly. 
In  l.Sl)7-t>.S,  ;{0  institutes  were  held;  in  lS08-!t!>,  ().">.  I)iirin-«-  tlie  \.;ii 
lS9ii,  135  institutes  were  held,  the  total  atteiid:in(!e  being  about  L'o.ikiii, 
Now  a  State  ai)propriati((n  of  ■'r<.'>,00(>  has  been  made,  and  it  is  exijccicd 
that  300  institutes  will  be  held  and  that  one  or  two  jjrofessors  will  lie 
sent  to  eaidj.  The  meetings  are  held  where  applications  are  niado. 
The  work  is  in  diarjje  of  a  committee  made  n\)  from  the  experiiiieiit 
station  stalf.     Kansas  has  a  State  boai'd  of  ai-riculture. 


KENTUCKY. 

1801,  The  first. appropriation  for  State  institutes  was  made  in  May. 
18JM),  when  the  lejijislature  passed  an  amendment  lo  the  law  creating 
the  bureau  of  ajjriculture,  and  re(|uirinji-,  auKni!,'  other  t!iin,:;s,  that 
institutes  be  held  in  dilferent  parts  of  the  State.  The  total  apprnpri 
ation  to  the  bureau  was  ><  13.000,  but  no  definite  sum  was  specilicd  lur 
institutes.  Five  institutes  were  held  in  the  fall  of  1800,  0  in  the  spriiij: 
of  1891,  and  9  more  were  planned  tor  the  v  inter  of  1891-0:;.  The  cost 
of  these  institutes  averafj;e(l  about  -^lOO  each,  so  that  about  $1,000  imiy 
be  said  to  have  been  spent  for  them  annually. 

189!>.  The  institutes  in  Kentucky  are  conducted  under  the  |H(>\i 
sions  of  the  law  above  referred  to  by  the  State  commissioner  of  a^^iiciil 
tare,  labor,  and  statistics,  aided  by  the  advisory  board,  of  whicli  the 
director  of  the  experiment  station  is  a  member.  Twenty-one  utrc 
held  duriny  the  winter  of  1898-90.  During  189i>,  14  institutes  were  lu'ld, 
with  a  total  attendance  of  probably  3,,")00.  The  institutes  arc  di.s 
tributed  over  the  State  as  e(piitably  as  possible,  the  location  being 
inlluenced  to  a  considerable  extent  by  lociil  api)lications  as  slinwini.' 
local  interest.  The  commissioner  of  agriculture,  laboi,  and  statistics 
is  elected,  like  the  governor,  for  a  term  of  four  years,  and  is  incli^iiblc 
for  reelection. 

LOUISIANA. 

1891.     No  api)ropriation. 

1.S99.  The  farmers'  institutes  of  Louisiana  are  held  under  llir;iiis 
jtices  of  the  State  commissioner  of  iigriculture  and  immigration.  As 
many  institutes  iire  held  eatdi  year  as  there  are  parishes  or  clnlisrc- 
(piesting  thi'm.  These;  meetings  are  distributee!  by  counties  ci  dis 
tricts,  and   sometimes   where   parishes   apply  lor   them.    Tliirt,\  ibiu' 


15 

institutes  w«'re  lichl  in  tl»o  State  in  1891).  Fifteen  linndred  dollars  is 
iiiiniiaily  appiopriiitiMl  by  the  State  legislature  tor  tlie  purpose  of 
(Itirayinj,'  the  expenses  of  the  workers  in  the  institutes.  Tlie  seientitie, 
iiHii  of  the  experiment  station  and  the  St}lt(^  I'niversity  and  Agricul 
tiiial  and  Meclianieal  Colh-j;e  render  assistance,  together  with  local 
tall  ut  from  each  neighborhood. 

MAINE. 

Is'.U.  Annual  approi)riation,  ><.'5.(MK>.  The  secretary  of  the  board  of 
agriculture  and  one  member  are  obliged  to  hold  two  institutes  yearly  in 
every  county. 

IS*)!).  Farmers'  institutes  in  Maine  an^  held  under  the  auspices  of 
tlic  l)oar<l  of  agriculture.  About  .")()  three  session  meetings  are  held 
ea<  li  year.  The  meetings  are  distril)uted  about  the  Stale  by  counties 
as  far  as  possible,  and  largely  within  the  dilferent  counties,  to  those 
wlin  apply  for  them.  There  is  $.■),.^»(M^  available  for  the  |)urp()sc  of  hold- 
iiiL'  tliese  institutes.  l"'roni  ISDP  to  I-Sl)."*  meetings  were  held,  in  189!) 
thf  total  atteiulance  being  about  1 1,000.  The  State  board  of  agriculture 
lia>  its  ollice  in  the  statehouse, 

MANITOBA. 

ISIH.  There  are  about  L'O  or  25  farmers'  institutes  in  Manitoba, each 
one  of  which  receives  ■*l,'."i  a  year  from  the  l'ro\incial  funds. 

IS'.i'.t.  The  farmer.s'  institutes  of  Manitoba  are  organized  under  an  act 
of  the  legislature.  To  give  them  a  legal  standing  and  entitle  them  to 
a  guvermnent  grant  they  must  have  at  least  LJ5  paid-up  meMd)ers.  The 
yearly  mendxirship  fee  must  not  be  less  than  ."lO  cents,  an<l  for  each 
paid  lip  member  the  government  gives  them  a  grant  of  .">()  cents.  Twice 
in  eaeli  year  the  department  of  agriculture  of  the  Province  sends  out 
lecimi'ifs  to  visit  all  the  institutes,  two  lecturers  attending  each  om^ 
A  loiixentiou  of  delegates  from  all  the  institutes,  known  as  the  ''Cen- 
tral I'armers'  Institute,"  meets  once  a  \ear,  and  the  addresses  there 
ilcliMied  are  publisluMl  by  the  department  in  the  form  (»f  an  annual 
ii'lKiit.  These  reports  are  distributed  gratis  to  all  ai)plicautsaiid  sent 
as  Well  to  each  member  of  the  local  institutes.  In  addition  to  the 
addii'sses  to  farmers' institutes,  meetings  are  fre(pu'n(!y  ludd  under 
tile  sii|tcivision  of  the  department  at  central  points  throughout  the 
loiniiiy  where  there  are  no  organized  institutes,  very  fre«|uenlly  under 
tlie  auspices  of  the  local  agricultural  societies.  In  the  year  ended  with 
1^117.  l.'iO  addresses  were  delivered  at  48  dilferent  stations,  afternoon 
iiiid  r\ening  meetings  being  held  in  many  places. 

MARYLAND. 

l'^!M.     No  appropriation. 

isii'.i.  The  liiw  establishes  a  department  of  farmers'  institutes,  whose 
'liitMtni  is  apjiointed  by  the  trustees  of  the  Maryland    Agricultural 


■  t  I"- 


K 


<t  ■■■.llSSg^'i' 


■•5 


.,•1 


16 

rollejjc.     One  institute  is  to  be  held  :iiiiiu;illy  in  each  of  the  2'5  eoiuif  i«s. 
•'i.;,(l  .lU  additioiiiil  one  in  each  comity  it  deemed  necessary  and  desn 
aide.''     The  attendance  is  probably   l,(l(»0  to  0,000.     The  sum  of  ^.''..oon 
is  aitpropriated  for  the  i)i;rpose.     TheiC  is  no   State  dei)artnient  :)t' 
agriculture. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1891.  Each  iiuiorporated  af;ricnltural  .society  iu  the  State  eoin]dyiiii; 
with  the  State  law  and  re{>ulatious  of  the  boar<l  of  agricullurc 
received  an  annual  bounty  of  !!i(J((0.  Hach  society  was  recpiired  to 
hold  at  IiMst  three  institutes  each  year.  In  1S!»0,  ,!(!  societies  held  L'l 
institutes.  The  State  board  of  a^jriculture  also  held  one  pul)li(;  tliuM 
day  uuM'tiiiji',  for  wiiicli  "^SOO  was  exi)ended.  The  State  als(»  apiUD- 
l)riated  funds  for  other  general  institutes,  and  for  these  institutes  Ikhii 
$(!00  to  ■!<70()  was  used. 

18!M>.  The  basis  of  the  fanners'  institutes  in  Massachusetts  is  iic 
incorpcuated  agricultural  societies  of  tiie  State  which  receive  the  State 
bounty,  aniouuting  to  ^(ioo  a  year,  and  comply  with  State  regiilatinns 
concerning  the  holding  of  fairs  and  institutes,  as  explained  ali"\f. 
The  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  agriculture  works  in  conjuiid  on 
with  tiie  ollicei's  of  such  societies,  being  consulted  in  respect  to  spiiik- 
ers,  subjects,  etc.  The  secretary  each  year  prints  a  list  of  speakers 
and  subjects.  Tliis  list  is  jdaced  in  the  hands  of  the  i)roper  otllcer>  ol 
the  various  sc  leties,  and  from  this  list  said  ollicers  generally  »t'lt(;t 
speakers.  When  the  selection  is  nuule,  the  secretary  of  the  St  ate 
board  of  agriculture  is  notitli'd,  and  he  secures  the  speakers  seledcii  ii 
possil)le.  The  State  board  .secures  in  this  way  oiu^  speaker  for  •  ;i(li 
institute,  and  this  speaker  receives  ><10  an<l  expenses  for  his  8er\  iics 
(the  society  furnishing  hall,  advertising,  etc.).  this  nu)ney  being  |i:iitl 
out  of  an  appropriation  to  the  State  board  of  agriculture  for  thai  |mr 
pose.  T'he  otlicers  of  the  local  societies  may  engagt^  other  speakcis  it 
tiu'y  see  lit,  and  if  the  speakers  are  apjiroved  by  the  secretary  oi  ilic 
Stat(^  board  lie  may  pay  said  s))eakers  as  above  indicated.  Tiic  (>ll!rii> 
of  the  local  societies  may  akso  engage  other  speakers,  thus  liaving  ."miic 
than  one  for  a  single  institute,  but  only  one  speaker  will  be  paid  Imhii 
the  fuiuls  of  the  State  board.  Karnuirs'  clubs  and  granges  also  Imld 
occasional  institutes,  paying  for  their  own  speakers.  l're«|ueiiil\  a 
local  grange  cooperates  with  the  local  agricultural  s(tciety,  tiie  Sintc 
board  of  agriculture  paying  for  one  sjteaker  for  tlie  society  aii<l  lln' 
grange  paying  for  another.  Kach  incorporated  agricultural  sn  icty 
must  hold  at  least  three  institutes  yearly  in  order  to  receive  the  Siitc 
bounty.  The  stronger  societies  hold  more  than  that  nuiid)er,  soim'  <>l 
them  as  many  as  live  or  six.  If  the  society  holds  more,  it  musi  |i;i.v 
the  speakers.  There  are  .'io  societies  in  tlie  State,  making,  IherclnK'.  a 
minimum  number  of  lUo  institutes.  The  institutes  are  held  in  siicii 
towns  or  cities  lying  within  the  territory  from  which  the  nuunhcr     iml 


17 

(>\liiltit<»rs  of  tlie  socirtics  coino,  as  tlic  socijAty  may  select.  Tlie.  selec- 
tinii  varies  from  year  to  year,  so  that  in  the  (!()urse  (»f  a  few  years 
liraetirally  all  coiisnlerabh;  towns  in  the  State  are  reaehed.  The  State 
inilmleH  about  .■{.■»()  cities  and  towns,  so  all  towns  maybe  reacheil  within 
three  years. 

The  board  of  agriculture  may  furnish  institute  lecturers  to  other 
than  incorporated  societies.  The  board  held  12")  institutes  during' the 
calendar  year  18'.).S,  1L*L'  duiin{j  1H!>!>.  The  total  attendance  at  insti- 
tutes diirinj;  1S1>!>  was  between  11,000  and  IL',000.  Lecturers  were  fur- 
iii>lied  for  !>S  institutes,  at  a  total  cost  of  >!l,109.04. 

MICHIGAN. 

IS'.d.  No  separate  api)ropriation,  an  item  for  farmers'  institutes 
hciiii:  inserted  annually  in  the  approi)riations  made  to  the  State  board 
ul  agricidture.  This  was  fii.st  given  in  lS7i»-77,  the  amount  being 
.*l(!l.-{(>.  It  has  varied  from  that  amount  to  AT-'iO,  which  was  the  appro- 
|iiiiition  in  I.SOl. 

Is'Jlt.     Institutes  are  held   under  tlie  auspices  of  the  State  board  of 

a;;rii  ulture  by  virtue  of  a  special  act  of  the  legislature.     This  board 

liii>  cliarge  of  the  Agricultural  ( 'Ollege,  so  that  it  amounts  to  a  college 

supci  vision  of  the  institutes.     The  dire(ttor  of  the  experiment  station 

iiiiiiifcted  with  the  college  is  superintendent  of  farmers'  institutes. 

Tlie  institutes  are  held  by  counties  so  far  as  ]K)ssible.     In  1S!KS-(M»,  07 

t\\(t  (lay  county  institutes  were   held,  107  oiuj-day  meetings,  and  the 

"State  rouiul-up"  institute.     The  total   attendance  at  all  sessions  of 

tliise  meetings  was  about  100,000.     The  legislature  approjyriated  *r),500 

loi   tliis  work.     A  bulletin  giving  tlu^  proceedings  of  the  institute  is 

imblished. 

MINNESOTA. 

l-^'.'l.  Annual  ai)propriatiou,  .57.000.  The  first  appropriation,  $5,000, 
\vii>  made  in  1887. 

l>i'.'!».  Ill  Minnesota  farmers*  institutes  are  held  under  the  auspices 
iif  ;iii  administrative  board,  consisting  of  three  members  of  the  boanl 
itl  rcuciits  of  the  university  and  the  presidents  of  tin'  State  Agricid- 
tinal  Society,  State  Horticultural  Society,  ami  State  Dairy  Asso- 
ciation. The  minimum  number  is  lixed  by  law  at  40  annually.  The 
iiifciiiigs  are  distribut»'d  by  the  administrative  board  upon  the  recor.i- 
iiHiidation  of  the  superiiilcndent,  and  his  recommendation  is  based 
upiMi  tiie  calls  of  the  localities  and  knowhidge  of  the  conditions.  There 
wcic  licld  during  18!Mt,  ")!•  institute  meetings,  with  a  total  attendance 
n*' L'j.doo.  A  State  ai)i)ropiiation  of  ><l.">,r)00  is  made  annually.  Minue- 
siita  lias  no  State  department  of  agriculture. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

If^"l.     No  appropriation. 

l"^'"'.    The  institutes  are  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  direiitor  of 
till'    <  \p(>riment    station,    at   places    from    which    api>lications   come. 
17(»7;}_>o.  70 2 


4< 


VJ  ,.■11.^1^ 


18 

Twenty  riglit  iiioofiiigs,  with  <i  total  iittcinlance  of  'J,()(K»,  wcro  licld  in 
IHJM).  Ouv  tlioiisinid  dollars  u  year  is  available  lor  tlio  purpose  of 
institute's.   Then*  is  a  State  (lepartniciit  of  ajiriciilturc 

MISSOURI. 

ISOl,  There  was  an  appropriation,  for  each  of  two  years,  of  $").(»(»(>. 
Expenses  of  iiieinliers  of  board  of  affriciilture  attendiiiji' Ine^'tin},^•<.  per 
year,  *o()().  Institutes  were  ])laniMMl  for  ."iO  (;oniities  of  the  State  dur- 
in;r  the  winter  of  1S91-!>L'. 

The  institute  work  was  estaldished  in  ISSii  by  I'rof.  .1.  W.  Sanltorn. 
then  seirretary  of  the  State  board  of  a^ri'Milturc.  'llie  Itoard  was  then 
receivinji  !?2,."»(»(>  per  annum  to  carrv  on  all  its  work,  and  out  <»f  tin's 
sum  the  e.\i)ens('s  of  a  vei y  limited  series  ol  farmers'  institutes  were 
met.  By  the  aid  of  tlie  members  of  the  faculty  of  the  Agricultural 
Collejre,  who  yave  their  time  durinji;  vacations  and  when  they  could 
be  spared  fi-om  tlieir  classroom  work,  and  volunteer  assistance  fnun 
pul)licspirited  farmers,  the  work  was  carried  on  without  any  speciid 
appropriation  for  the  purpose  from  the  {jjencial  one  n)ade  to  the  board, 
and  winch  at  any  time  never  exceeded  *.{,()()0  per  annum.  The  work 
prof^ressed  slowly  from  the  time  of  its  orpud/ation,  and  steadily  yrew 
in  poi)ularity  until  the  demand  was  so  gieat  for  institute  nieetinfjs  tliiil 
the  legislature  reco.nidzed  the  necessity  for  niakini;-  a  liberal  appropri;i 
tion  for  carrying  it  on.  The  institute  wcuk  did  more  toward  secuiin- 
the  increase  from  .*;!,(»(»()  to  8lL',()(t()  per  year  for  carrying  on  the  work 
of  the  board  of  aj;Ticultnre  than  any  other  of  the  lines  of  work  which 
the  board  prosecutes. 

lcS{M>.  Institutes  in  Missouri  are  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  State 
board  of  agrictulture.  About  50  are  held  each  year.  The  institutes  arc 
held  on  request  at  places  which  have  facilities  for  convenient  access  l)\ 
rail.  The  secretary  tries  to  distribute  to  all  parts  of  the  State.  About 
(»7  meetings  were  held  in  IS!)!),  the  attendance  at  which  varied  IVoiii 
(iO  or  70  to  ;i,000  or  4,000.  Three  thousand  dollars  is  aj)i)ropriatcil 
annually  for  institute  purposes. 

MONTANA. 

181)1.     No  institutes  at  this  date. 

1891).  Institutes  in  Montana  are  given  by  the  otlicers  of  tlu^  Agri 
cultural  College.  About  18  were  held  during  1S!)9,  with  a  total  attcml- 
auce  of  555.  There  are  no  fumls  specilically  available  for  the  i)urpos('. 
The  local  ex]>enses  are  borne  by  the  various  communities,  and  the  mil 
ways  giNC  transportation. 


NEBRASKA. 


18!)1.  No  appropriation  by  the  State.  Institutes  had  been  licM  'J' 
ten  or  twelve  years,  however,  through  the  etforts  of  individuals  ;i  fl 
societies.    About  tifty  institutes   were   arranged    for    the    winter  "t 


I>'iI-5)'J,  to  1)0  followed  hy  ;i  week  or  ten  <liiys' iiistitnto  at  l.int'olii, 
iiihirr  the  aiispici'.-  nl"  tlic  State  I Jiiiveisity.  These  weii-  suppoited  l»y 
;i|i|>inpiiati(»iis  from  the  I'ollowiiiji  .'-(ttiices:  ISoanl  of  re;,'eiit8  of  the 
Stite  university.  .'i<.{()0:  State  Ixtard  of  jifrii<'nlluie,  AlOO;  State  Ilorti- 
iiilturiil  Soeiety,  AlOO;  State  Dairymen's  Association,  ^UH), 

ts'ijt.  Iiislifutes  are  lielil  under  tlie  aiis|)ices  of  the  I'niversity  of 
Nilnaska,  The  i»oard  of  lejjcnts  of  the  university  elects  the  manager 
ut  tlie  institutes,  and  upon  liis  recoinniendation  disinirses  the  money 
iilMirojuiated  for  institute  work.  The  report  of  the  maiiajiei'  of  the 
iii-titutes  is  incorporate*!  with  the  biennial  report  of  the  rej^ents  to  the 
oiucrnoi.  just  as  are  the  rep(»rtsof  the  deans  of  colieifes  and  directois  of 
sclinols  included  in  the  university.  There  were  .")(»  institutes  held  last 
yen  and  a  soniewliat  less  number  duiinj;  each  of  the  two  picvious 
yens.  Tlie  meetiujis  are  hehl  at  points  in  the  State  IVom  which 
iiltplications  are  received.  ICitlier  the  mana^^er  or  a  deputy  visits  the 
points  in  the  State  wiiere  it  is  desirable  to  hav«'  institutes  iicld.  and 
woiks  ui>  an  interest.  It  is  iu)t  desired  to  hold  a  nu'etin^'  in  tiu'  same 
to\\ii  t  wo  years  con.seeutively,  but  this  is  foMietimes  done.  \t  present 
ijir  ii\ind)er  of  applications  has  not  exceeded  the  number  of  institutes 
wliirli  it  is  possible  to  hold.  In  distributing;'  the  mcetin^^s,  coj;ni/ance 
is  taken  of  distiicts  and  county  lines,  so  that  each  5>art  of  the  State 
iiMcives  apiudximately  the  number  of  institutes  corresponding-  to  its 
lin|iii]iition.  This  is  all  at  the  discretion  of  the  institute  manager. 
Sixty  two  nieetin}i:s  were  held  in  ISilO,  at  which  the  aji^^iegate  attend- 
aiic  •  was  L'll.SdO.  There  is  sl.r»(U)  availaide  annually  Ibr  institute  work. 
Tlii-^  is  appropiiated  by  the  State  le<;islature,  and  is  a  }»art  of  the 
apjuopriation  to  the  State  university.  There  is  a  State  board  of 
auricidture  in  this  State,  datinj;  back  to  a  very  early  period  in  the 
liisimy  of  tlu'  Teiiitory.  it  is  a  well  orj4'iini/.ed.  selfperpetMatiiij>'  body, 
hihI  conducts  the  State  lair  and  publishes  an  annual  report. 


i 


NEVADA. 

l-^'d.     No  appropriation. 

1  ^'l'.  I'arnu'rs''  institutes  are  n()t  yet  orgainzed  in  Xevada.  liectures 
aif  i;iven  in  vaiious  ])arts  of  the  Stati'  by  ollicers  of  the  ajiricnltural 
ciillr^c  when  applications  are  made  foi'  them. 


NEW  BRUNS"WICK. 

1>'|  1.  Farmers"  institute  meetings  are  held  under  the  direction  of 
tlic  '  iiiiiiiissioner  of  a;;riculture.  The  number  of  meetings  varies,  but 
luiis  ill  the  nei<ihl>orli(i()d  of .")(» i)er  year.  There  were  75  in  1S!){>.  with  a 
total  attendance  of  about  .'1,0(10.  'j'iie  meetings  are  distributed  as  fairly 
as  piK^ible  throughout  all  the  sections  of  the  Province.  The  i'r(»vin»  ial 
j;ov(  rnment  pays  the  cost  of  these  meetings,  which  usually  means 
aliniii  .•<;},o(H>  per  year.   There  is  a  Provincial  department  of  agriculture. 


^ 

-* 


■X 

I 


Il: 


20 

NEW^  HAMPSHIRE. 

IS'.M.  AImhiI  !5<1,(MM(  was  nsj-tl  anmially  tor  riiiiiitTK'  iiiHtitutvs. 
Previous  to  1S!M  tin-  ainoiint  avcra{j<'(l  al)oiii  *«iOO. 

1S!M».     I'ikU'i  the  aiis|iic«'s  nf  tlic  Stat«'  l)oai«l  <»rrt;riiciiltiin'  L'"  iiiMti 
tutes  (L'  to  a  (-oiiiity)  ai»-  licM  cadi  yt'ai'.     Tlit-  total  att<*iKlaii(»'  in  l.S'.Kt 
was   about  S,(l(M»,     In   the  wjjik  Iroiii   .^UriOO  to  ^l-',«MM),  j,Mveii  by  tho 
State,  is  oxpciHlvd. 

NEW^  JERSEY. 

ISDl.  .\boiit  *'J,0(»0  of  the  anioiiiit  a|)|>ropiiat«'(i  to  the  State  l»oai<l 
of  a};ri*'iilture  was  used  annually  tbi'  institute.s.  Th<-  county  boards  i*t' 
afiriculturc  held  meetings  wliich  were  of  an  institute  ehaiaetei,  and 
these  lioards  received  s(»nie  of  tlie  ;;eiienil  hinds  appropriated  to  tiif 
•State  hoiiid.     Sixteen  (MMinty  Ixtards  Inid  Ix'en  or;;ani/.ed. 

18!»ll.     Institutes  are  held  under  and  by  direction  of  the  State  board 
of  ajiriculture,  ollicially  undei-  tiie  direction  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  boaul,  directly  under  the  iiiana<.M'nieiit  and  direetion  of  the  scere 
tary.     I'roin  .'!()  to  !(•  are  iield  eacli  tail  and  wint«*i.     The  tot;'!  attend 
ance  at  the  .■{()  institutes  licid  durin;;-  iS'.Kt  was  4,.{L'0.     The  or;.'ani/.atioii 
of  the  New  .lersey  Stat.'  itoard  of  afjriciiltiire  is  .somewhat  peculiar  in 
tliat  tlieii'  are  county  I>()ar<ls  of  a;;ricii]ture  wliidi  are  auxiliary  to  the 
State  board.     These  are  siipjuKscd  to  hold  al>out  tour  niectin^rs  a  yeai. 
at  the  betjinninj;  of  each  sea.son's  work,  and  tliey  are  of  a  semiinstitiile 
character.    Lectures  and  discussions  are  had.  bearinfrehietlyon  tlie  w«»rk 
in  the  locality  where  the  meetint;  is  held.     It   is  the  aim  to  hold  from 
onetothice  nieetinj;s   in   eacii  county.     This  has  Iteeii  done,  w  itli  the 
exception  of  three  counties — Hudson,  not  an  a}>'ricultural  eoiinty;   Pas 
saic,  unor<;aiii/c(l;  and  Ocean,  liavinj;  but  a  snndl  part  ot  Its  territory 
devoted  to  ajj^ricultuial  purposes.     About  .*<L*,(Ml(>  per  year  are  available 
for  the  institutes.     The  total  appropriation   to  the  State  board  of  ajrri 
culture  is  >>»»,()()(>  annually.     Out  «»f  this  comes  the  .secietaiy's  salary, 
steno;;ra|»lier"s    [»ay,  postaj^e,  expressa;;e,  expcn.se   of  e\eeiiti\e  coin 
niittee,  expense  of  other  cominitteeB,  expense  of  annual  mcetin;;.  etr. 
The  executive  committee  cMidcavors  so  to  rej;idate  the  expen.ses  as  lo 
have  about  the  amount  named   available   for  institutes.     No  deliiiiic 
sum  is  specilied  by  law. 

NEW^  MEXICO. 

1891.     No  a])propi'iation. 

ISIMJ.  There  are  no  faiincrs"  institutes  in  the  Territory.  Three  ye;iis 
ago  there  was  a  farmers"  institute  at  Mesdla  Park,  held  in  the  colli  ::e 
buildiny,  directed  by  the  colleye  president,  who  was  a.ssi.sted  by  :lic 
.station  stall'.  There  wen'  few  outsiders  who  took  part  in  the  i>in- 
granuncs.  This  institute  was  repeated  two  .seasons,  when  it  was  dis- 
continued. There  is  no  money  available  tor  fanners'  in.stitutes.  Tli>  re 
isuodepartnuMit  of  agriculture  in  the  Territory. 


.V 


21 

NEW  YORK. 

ISiU.     Aiiiiiiiil  a|>|»i(>iiiiation  siiH-c  ISHS.  .*lo,ooo.    The  first  iipinopri 
atinii,  *«>,(MH>,  was  iiiaile  in  ISH7.     Fmiii  70  to  80  institutes  wen-  liclil 
ciMili  winter,  uinlt-r  tlic  jieisonal  ciiaifjc  <»1"  a  diiector  selected  l>y  I  lie 
State  Ajjflicultuiai  S<»cietA. 

ls*M.  'I'lie  annual  apinopriation  lias  been  -iiL'ojioo  tor  tlu>  pasi  two 
years.  Tiie  worU  is  under  the  auspices  of  the  eoniniissioner  of  a{;ri- 
rultuie,  Albany,  who  appoints  a  ilireetor  of  institutes.  Al)»»ut  .KM) 
meeting's  ar«'  held  each  year,  in  places  from  which  a|)plications  conu'. 
Tlie  attendance  at  tlie  institutes  is  increasiii;;  lapidly  and  is  now 
prohaldy  7.'>,(M»0  or  more  annually. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


IS!»|.  No  appropriation.  Kroni  AiMo  to  ^riOO  per  year  .-as  devoted 
to  institutes  by  the  State  board  of  a^iicuiture  from  its  own  fuiuls. 
The  lirst  institutes  were  held  in  1SS(!  or  1S,S7. 

IS'.MI.  The  department  of  a;;iiculture,  immi^^ration,  and  statistics  of 
North  ('arolina  is  supported  by  a  tonnaj;(!  ta.\  on  commercial  manures. 
The  department  is  under  the  control  of  a  board  of  agriculture,  one  of 
whose  functions  is  to  hold  farmeis'  institutes.  The  boaid  of  aj^ii*  ulture 
may  use  its  discretion  as  to  amount  of  money  it  will  expend  and  num- 
licr  of  institutes  it  will  hold.  The  institutes  have  not  been  systeumtic- 
;ill.\  placed  over  the  State,  but  have  rather  followed  the  ai»plicatioii8 
and  the  routes  which  the  institute  workers  have  (tutlined  as  desirable 
to  follow.  <  >n  these  trips  institutes  are  ^^enerally  held  at  a  county  court- 
iiiMise.  The  lej^islature  of  1SU7  elected  an  institute  holder.  Now  the 
(lii'cctor  and  professors  of  the  experiment  station  may  be  called  upon 
to  iiohl  institutes,  but  the  work  is  otiicially  in  the  hands  of  the  board 
III  aj-ricidture. 

NORTH   DAKOTA. 


i 


IS'.U.     No  appropriation. 

ls!t!).  Pntbably  the  lirst  institute  in  North  Dakota  was  held  at 
'iisseltoii  in  is<»t.  in  the  tbllowinj;'  summer  institutes  were  held  at 
M;iy\  ille  and  liu.xton,  and  each  year  sintse  then  a  few  institutes  have 
liccii  held  at  different  points  in  the  State.  These  institutes  have  usu 
iill\  been  .secured  by  farmers  in  the  locality  who  have  been  interested 
ill  rlic  work,  assisted  by  utembers  of  the  e\i)eriment  station  staff.  I'ntb- 
iilily  an  averaj^fe  of  live  a  year  have  been  held. 

riiere  is  a  State  department  of  aj;riculture  and  labor,  but  in  the  pa.st 
it  lias  had  no  direct  relation  with  institute  work :  but  the  last  lej,'islature 
iippoMited  an  assistant  dairy  commissioner  who  is  director  of  institute 
Wink,  and  appropriated  >'I,(tO(»  for  the  expenses  of  the  institutes  tor 
tli«'  iHcniiial  period.  This  law  went  into  effect  the  1st  of  .Inly.  I'lleveu 
iii>iitiites  were  held  in  1899,  with  a  total  atteniUince  of  about  l,liOO. 


22 


¥> 


I 


NOVA    SCOTIA. 

IS'.H.  Tlion*  vviis  iio  re;iul;ii'  ()i-!L;aiii/.ati(>ii  I'm-  faniH'is'  institntcH  in 
this  "roviiMU'  ill  ISULaini  no  iiinmy  was  ^jivrii  liy  tin*  t;n\»'iiiiiieiit 
«|ii'(ia  ly  lor  tiiis  purpose.  IMoCessor  Sinitli.  principal  of  tluMiKriciil 
tiiial  sriiool.  Iit>lil  iiUM'tiii^TH  ill  tlic  wostrin  coiiiitics  of  the  I'roviin  < . 
ami  OIK'  of  till'  ^railiiat(vs  of  tln'  school  was  nnployi'il  to  h'rtnit'  in  thr 
Cape  Mrcloii  nmntii's  diii  in;;  the  w  inter.  The  expi'iises  of  these  ollicers 
were  Itoriie  by  the  piveriiiiient. 

l.S!(!>.  Nova  Hj'otia  has  not  a  ilepartiiieiit  for  a^jricnltiiie.  like  some 
other  provinres  in  the  Doininion.  but  the  a;;rienltiiral  work  of  the 
IMoviiire  is  (1oim>  thnm^ih  the  secretary  lor  afjriciiltnii'  under  the  };ov 
ernineiit.  I'licre  aie  iii»  institutes  as  such,  but  aj^riciiltiiral  societies 
luiiiiber  about  l-<i  in  the  whole  pi'ovinc  e.  These  are  orj;aiii/.e«l  in  any 
Hectioii  where  not  less  than  Iio  fanners  unite  anil  subscribe  a  sum  ot 
not  less  tliiin  *  Kt.  which  entitles  them  to  be  ieco;;iiize<l  as  a  society  l>y 
the  ;iovei  nnu'iit  and  to  a  poi  tioii  of  tiie  <irant  to  aj^rieiiitiire  pro  rata  la 
the  amount  sulisi'ribcd.  The  secretary  for  a^jricniturc  holds  what 
niiyjht  be  i-alled  institute  meetings  in  various  parts  of  the  proxiinc 
where  in  his  jnd;finent  tliey  are  most  needed,  or  by  reipu'sts  from  lead 
inji'  men  in  the  several  districts.  At  these  nu'etiiij;s  he  usuall\  is 
aecoinpaiiied  by  the  rnnincial  professiu' of  horticultaie  and  some  other 
lU'ouuiiciit  a;iiiculturist.  The  cxjieiises  are  taken  out  of  the  j;raiit  lor 
a^iricnlture.  the  total  fjiant  for  the  Province  for  all  purposes  beinu 
about  !$-."», (Ml(»  annually.  This  includes  aid  to  a;,'ii(iiltural  societus. 
bonus  to  cri'aineries,  school  and  farm  of  aji'iieultuic  and  horticulture. 


OHIO. 

1<S!»I.  There  was  no  specutic  appro|)riation  by  the  State  for  farim  is" 
institut"s.  The  funds  come  from  the  county  tr"asuries,  each  (;oiiiiiy 
aitpropriatiiij;-  not  more  than  s'jm  annually.  For  l.S!)(>-!M  the  total 
fund  spent  for  institutes  in  Ohio  was  ."T.SL.';).."))),  In  l.S'.»0-!ll,  121  iii-ti 
tutes  were  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  State  board  of  agricultnic. 
in  1S8(J-S7  there  were  "»(►;  18S7-88,  <;0;  1888-8J>,  (i2. 

isit'.t.  Farmers"  institutes  in  Ohio  are  hehl  under  the  auspices  and  l»y 
direction  of  the  State  board  of  aj^iiciilture.  as  pi-ovided  by  law.  Innii 
one  to  four  institutes  are  held  in  each  of  the  88  counties  ol  the  Si  iie. 
the  number  a,n}4re<;atin>;  271  for  the  season  18{(<t -I'.tott,  witii  a  tntal 
avcrajic  attendance  of 'J8,210.  The  number  is  limited  by  law  to  fom  in 
each  county.  Some  counties  hold  the  lull  number  allowed,  others  Inr 
two,  or  three,  and  a  very  lev.'  hold  (»nly  <uie.  Societies  make  ai)|il  ta 
tions  for  meetings  to  be  held  in  their  respective  localities,  aud  in  my 
more  ai>plications  are  received  each  year  than  can  be  granted  m  ilcr 
the  present  law.  There  is  available  for  exjienses  of  the  instil utes 
>'S,17.'5..>(>.  and  for  the  jtaynu'iit  of  Iccf-ners  employed  by  the  State  b;  .ird 
of  agriculture  a  like  sum,  this  being  the  avails  of  a  per  cai)ita  ta\  "t'  ^ 


28 


iiiilla,  IK)  county,  liowoviT,  contiibiitin;;  iii(»r«'  tliiiii  ^'2'>0.  Tlior«  ih  an 
r\«M'Il('iitIy  «»r;jaiii/.tMl  iiii<l  very  active  State  boaid  of  afjriciilf  iin-  in  Ohio, 
i'liis  issuj's  a  tiescriptivi'  hnlletin  (U'si^jnatinfjf  tin'  institnti's  to  ho  hchl 
•  hiring'  tiu^  year  and  an  annnal  icpoit  ;;iviii^  thi>  proceedings.  The 
law  ;;ovcrnin{^  larnicrs'  institutes  wiis  pas.scd  April  li«;,  ISUO,  aud 
anifiided  April  27,  LSKO. 

ONTARIO. 

ISni.  The  nunib«'r  of  farmers'  institntcs  or$;ani/e(l  in  Ontario,  as 
re|)orted  in  IS'.MI,  was  7"^.  Tliese  each  received  a  tjiant  from  the  Ontario 
-nxcrnmeiil  of  Al'."*,  and  a  simlhir  j^rant  from  tlie  county  council  of  the 
municipality  in  which  the  institute  was  (U'^ani/etl.  llesides  this,  the 
Ontario  jjovernmeut  uave  !$!-',(>()(►  in  ISDl  (o  defray  the  expenses  of 
I  lie  professors  at  (iuelph,  who  devoted  the  {greater  part  of  January  to 
iittendance  at  these  mceiinys.  The  (luelph  ollici'rs  divided  ujt  into 
lliree  or  lour  ;;roups,  aud  took  with  ea<h  j;roup  a  representative  oi'  tiie 
I'liiit  (irowers"  Assoc-ialion  and  one  or  two  representative  farmers;  ami 
iliey  wen'  out  <'ontinuously  for  three  «u'  four  weeks,  jjoinj-'  from  place  to 
|il;it«'.  Inddin;;-  nieetin^is  whi(!h  had  lieen  picviously  arran;;'ed  for  and 
mlvertiscd.  There  was  also  a  central  farmers"  institute,  which  held  its 
meeting;  annually  in  Toi'onto  for  tlin  e  days,  and  at  this  meeting  one  or 
more  pcrscuis  represeiitetl  each  farmers'  institute  in  the  province.  The 
;i(ivcinmeiit  fjrant  to  this  was  ^iHM. 

1S!M>.  The  institutes  in  Ontario  are  held  under  the  ausjiices  of  the 
<  •iilariodepartment  of  afjiiciiltui'c.  directed  by  an  ollicial  of  that  depart- 
ment, who  is  kn«)wn  as  the  superintendeut  of  farnuMs'  institutes.  The 
I'Miil  institutes  are  controlled  by  rnh^s  aud  rejiulations  that  have  the 
Miiiction  of  the  Ontario  i^overiiment.  I'or  the  year  ended  .lune  .50, 
is;is.  some  fMS  weie  held.  Dining  the  year  ended  .lune  .'»<•,  1S!»!>.  (177 
institute  meetings  were  held,  at  which  the  total  attcndancre  reported 
w  ;is  1 1!»,  loi;.  The  number  of  institutes  varies  from  year  to  year,  accord- 
ing to  the  desire  of  those  locally  inteiested.  The  {jovernuu'ut  i>ays  the 
tiaveliuii'  expenses  and  allowances  of  two  speakers  for  two  ineetiii<;s  in 
c  icji  institute  division,  which  is  usually  composed  of  four  towns'.'ips, 

I  lie  };<»vernment  also  i>ays  the  allowances  of  one  or  two  speakers  who 
ill  tend  four  supplementary  meetings  in  each  institute  district.  If  they 
unit  to  hold  meetinjis  other  than  the  six  alicady  mentioned,  the  local 

II  vtitiitesare  i'et|uired  to  pay  all  expenses  and  allowances.  The  IMovince 
i^livided  into  DO  institute  districts,  ami  the  endeavor  of  the  supcriii- 
ii mleut  is  to  have  the  nuu'tings  distributed  evenly  over  these  various 
•  li-ti  icts.  The  result  is  that  all  parts  of  the  Province  are  reached.  The 
;^n\  cniment  appropriation  for  farmers'  instituti^  work  is  $!»,'J(t(K  This 
ill  •liidcs  the  salary  of  the  superiuteiulent  and  the  expenses  of  his  otlice 
(l>'it  this  does  not  include  the  cost  of  printing  and  i)ublishing  the  annual 
It  (Oil.     This  annual  report  goes  out  as  one  of  the  reports  of  the  depart- 


""-'"-!— ^n^iyf" 


% 


24 


i 

^ 
4 


i 


Art* 

m 


a? 
■»■(' 

i, 


"H 


mcnt,  iiiid  is  cliargcd  to  iv  special  ai)i)r<)i)riiiti(ni  sot  ai)art  for  such  jmr- 
l)()ses).  Tlie  ai»i)r()i)iiatioii  includes  a  grant  of  8-;>  to  each  institute, 
conditional  upon  -^LT)  being  voted  from  the  local  municipality.  The 
provincial  department  of  agriculture  is  ])res!ded  over  by  a  ministei. 
who  is  a  member  of  the  governnuMit.  This  department  is  placed  on  the 
same  footing  as  the  other  departments  over  whicdi  other  ministers 
preside. 

The  history  of  the  germ  of  the  institute  nu)vemeiit  in  Ontario  (and  in 
Camula  in  general)  is  given  by  C  C  James,  deputy  minister  of  agri 
culture  for  Ontario,  as  follows: 

.laiiuary,  18M5,  was  the  tinio  of  tli«  revival  oC  fannerH'  iii.stitiitc  work  in  Ontario. 
It  was  tin'  (latf  oi'tln*  iK^yiiinin}^  ol'  tlio  work  under  tlie  iiainc  of  I'arniers'  instil  utcs, 
and  the  main  ins]iiration  I'or  tlie  revival  of  the  work  at  that  time  was  the  huiccss 
atteiidiiif?  the  fariiiers'  institute  work  in  some  of  the  Inited  States.  This,  howevii-, 
was  not  the  first  time  that  instruction  ol' farmers  had  been  attemjitcfl.  The  orijiiiial 
a^frienltural  societies  of  this  Province,  as  well  as  of  some  of  the  other  I'rovinces,  h.id 
made  instruction  through  jiapcrs  and  discussions  an  important  feature  of  their  work. 
(If  late  years  afjfricultuial  societies  have  e<uifmcil  tliemse]\es  to  the  holdinn'  of  I'air^. 
and  I  ])resiim('  that  is  one  reason  why  farmers'  institute  work  has  been  so  successful. 
In  the  earlier  days  our  agricultural  societies  were  accustomed  to  offer  prizes  fur 
essays  on  various  subjects,  such  as  the  <;rowin^;  of  wheat,  the  f^rowth  and  manufar- 
tnre  of  heni])  and  flax,  etc  These  papers  were  I'ead  at  the  annual  niectiiifjf  aiKJ 
discussed. 

The  first  ni^ricultural  society  in  1  ■])])or  (  anada  was  orifani/ed  in  171I2  or  ITIHI.  ami 
we  have  reason  to  lielie\  e  that  the  instruction  of  the  members  was  of  ;;reatcr  monicni 
than  the  hoklinji  of  fairs.  This  society  formed  an  extensi\e  a;;ricnltural  lilir.iiy 
which  was  carried  on  f(u-  the  benefit  of  its  members  for  a  numlicr  of  yeais,  until  il 
was  finally  incorporated  with  the  public  library  of  the  old  town  of  N'iai^ara.  In  is.'Ki 
agricultural  societies  were  especially  encouiaged  liy  an  act  jiassed  in  that  year,  and 
the  first  pro\  incial  fail' was  held  in  ISlt;.  I'rom  that  time  forwanl  those  sociiiirs 
were  under  the  control  of  a  l)oai(l  of  aj;ricullnre,  which  was  c(Mni>osed  of  a  ar;;i' 
number  of  reprcs(!ntati\<'  farmers  of  the  rro\in<e.  I'lof.  (;c(Mii;e  IJucklaiid  wiis  t'lir 
many  years  secretary.  He  conducted  a  course  in  agriculturt*  in  connection  with  tin' 
'J'oionto  rniv(!rsity.  and  had  a  snuill  ex]ierimcntal  farm  within  the  |)rcseiit  limit-  of 
the  city  of'i'ornnto.  He  was  accustomed  to  make  a  tour  of  the  af^ricultural  sociciiis 
and  address  tlitni  u])on  various  aj;'ricultural  tojiics.  In  many  cases  these  agriiiil- 
tural  soi'ieties  devoted  their  enerjj;ies  and  funds  to  the  introduction  of  pure-bud 
stock  anil  seed  grain,  and  in  a  few  si'ctions  the  desire  for  instruction  not  being  fully 
nu't  liy  the  agricultural  societies,  others  known  as  farmers'  clubs  weie  organi/nl. 
The  records  of  these  are  very  meager.  However,  1  have  before  me  refereui'c  to  nuc 
which  nuiy  be  of  intci'est.  It  i.>  contained  in  an  article  written  by  Mr.  Walter  l.'id- 
d<dl,  sr.,  of  Cobourg,  and  refers  to  the  county  of  Nfirthuniberland.  about  711  niilrtf 
east  of  Toronto.  He  says:  "  Tliere  had  been  an  agricultural  society  in  this  I'ouiity 
before  we  kiu'W  it.  The  first  society  was  formed  in  18L'I.  It  held  shows  and  pliw 
ing  mati'hes,  ami  gave  prizes  I'or  best  managed  farms,  and  for  essays  (ui  wheat  •  il- 
ture  and  other  varying  subjects.  The  farmers'  club  was  btigun  in  ISKi,  and  tlh'iuli 
otttMi  dormant,  it  took  occasionally  li\'<'ly  starts  and  held  sometimes  fen  or  t  w  ■  im' 
meetings  in  a  year.  The  subject  for  discussion  at  the  next  nu'cting  was  seh  ■  ltd 
and  sonuioue  appointed  to  undertake  it,  which  he  might  do  either  verbally  oi  liy 
writleu  ])aper.  The  suliject  was  then  discussed  by  the  menibeis.  This  has  1  ■  lU 
suiierscded  by  faruK^rs'  institutes.'' 

.\t  the  time  of  the  orgaui/aticm  of  the  farmers'  institutes  there  were  acti\  e  faiim  rs' 
clubs    in    I'ushlinch     I'ownship,    Wellington    County,  and    at   St.  (ieorgo  in   lii'iiit 


25 

(  .  iiiity.  .'111(1  till)  iiiciiilters  of  tlu'sr  ('liil)H  at  niicf  throw  tlicir  tMH'ri.'it'N  i'lt"  tlu"  Cariii- 
11-  iii.sl  iliitcs.     'I'ht're  were  ]ir(ibal>l,\  iiiatiy  otlnTs,  liiit  tlu'ir  nM'oril  lias  (lisa])jifaro(l. 

My  coiiclu.sioii,  tlicrdbre,  is  that,  whih'  the  year  llSXri  may  Ix'  >;iv(ii  as  tlic  sear  of 
li  r  revival  iit' fariiuM'a'  iiistitiito  \vori<  and  iilaciii;;  it  ii]ioi)  an  iir<raiii/i'il  ami  lUMiiia- 
III  III  footiii;;.  ihe  ^rcriiis  nf  the  woris  iiiiiHt  In-  loiikccl  lor  in  tiie  larimis'  rlulis  and  th<! 
imriiiiltural  societios,  tlie  earliest  ol'  wliicdi  dates  iiack  for  nver  nnc  liiindr(;d  yt^ars. 

I  he  lirst  ajiriL'ultiiral  society  orf;iini/.<!<l  at  (/ludiec,  17H!»,  )>nldishcd  a  hiiiuII  voluin« 
Kiiitaininfi  special  inloiinatioii  and  Hiig^cstiiij^  \ai'ions  liiic^  of  cxjieiiiiieiits.  'I'lio 
ri|Miit  was  \ory  much  of  tlio  nature  of  the  (list  nportof  tlio  .\<       Sdik  society,  17!t2, 

OREGON. 

IS'.H.     No  appropriation. 

lS!»!t,  The  institutes  in  ()ro<,'oii  arc  held  under  the  ausi)ices  of  the 
A;;ri('nltural  CoUejje.  From  7  to  IL*,  or  even  l."»,are  hehl  each  year,  and 
:iii  ('(loit  is  made  to  visit  as  many  sections  of  tlie  State  as  ])ossibh',  at 
tlic  re{|iiest  of  hH-ai  granges  and  other  oi'oanizations.  At  tlie  iL!  insti- 
tuics  lield  in  189!>  the  total  attendance  was  about  1,()()().  There  has 
liccii  no  rejiular  amount  availal)h'  for  this  work,  but  the  expenses  have 
been  borne  by  the  Agricultural  College  and  I'^xperiment  Station  fund. 
Tiicic  is  no  State  <lepartnu'nt  of  agriculture. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Tiic  appropriation  for  institute  work  was  ><1,(MM*  in  188.");  .'i!l,(M)(>  in 
issii:  .s;;,(H)o  ill  1887;  83,(M)(t  in  1888;  ^r^^iMi)  in  l.S8!»;  .i-.'),()(l(>  in  18!M»; 
•S.iMio  in  18!U,  and  *7,()()0  in  bSIL',  with  the  addition  of  .*1,.")00  for 
•'xjieiises  of  membeis  of  the  State  board  of  agricultiiie  in  attending 
meetings.  Mach  county  agricultural  .society  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  board,  and  each  ineniber  was  responsible  for  the  institutes  and 
expenditures  of  funds  in  his  district,  in  18!MMtl.  (!1  in.stitutes  were 
held. 

Is'.)!).  In  I'ennsylvauia  the  institutes  are  held  uihUm'  the  direction 
of  tlic  deputy  secretary  of  agriculture,  who  is,  under  the  law,  the 
director  of  institutes.  Last  year  (18U8-!»i>),  'M)H  institutes  were  held  in 
tlii^  State,  the  total  attendance  being  over  ."iO, ()()().  The  meetings  are 
ili>!ril>uti,'d  according  to  the  number  of  farms  in  each  county:  two  days' 
institute  to  every  (•ounty  having  not  over  1. (Kit)  farms,  three  tbiys'  insti- 
tute l()t'a(;h  county  having  more  than  1,0(»()  and  not  over  K.IOO;  after- 
wimls  one  day  for  each  1, .")()()  faiins  or  fraction  thereof  additional.  The 
It'ui^latnre  has  appropriated  .'T<i2.."»()l)  per  year  tor  institutes,  all  of  whi(di 
is  available  for  the  carrying  on  ol"  the  work.  There  is  a  State  dei)art- 
iiit'tii  nl'  agriculture,  composed  of  a  secretary,  deputy  secretary  (who  is 
•lirietor  (if  institutes),  dairy  and  food  ctunmissioner,  forestry  commis- 
sitiiiei .  veterinarian  and  economic  zoologist.  The  institute  work  is  very 
tlioiuiigidy  organized. 

QUEBEC. 

1"^  '•'.     The  Province  has  no  regularly  organized  farmers'  institutes, 
l)ut    I   has  farmers'  clubs,  which  are,  iu  a  certain  degree,  a  similar 


m 


26 


I 


i  J-  31 


>  ■  -H 


orj^aiiiziitioii.  Duriiij;  tlu;  year  1898  there  weiT  r»l(i  tanners"  clubs  in 
oj)eratit»ii.  One  can  he  cstahlislied  in  each  parish  or  township.  A  cluh 
has  seven  direetors.  Its  object  is  to  promote  improvement  in  a-ri 
culture  and  horticulture,  (I)  l>,v  lioldin^'  meetinj^s  for  discussion  ;iih1 
for  hearing  lectuieson  subjects  connected  with  tiie  tlieory  ami  piactict' 
of  improved  husbandry:  (2)  by  promotin<;'  tiie  circulation  of  a^niciil 
tural  papers;  (3)  by  ott'erinj;'  prizes  oi- essays  on  questions  of  theorei  km! 
or  i)iactical  a<;ri<;ulture:  {\)  by  importinj;,  or  othciwise  procuring;, 
animals  of  sui)erior  breeds,  lu'w  varieties  of  plants  and  2;rain,an(I  seeds 
of  the  best  l<ind;  (."•)  by  oij;ani/.in<;  ]>Io\vinj;'  matches,  com])etiti()ii.s 
res])ectin;4'  standing;'  crops  and  the  l)est  cultivated  farms;  (0)  by  pio. 
euriiij-  books,  leviews,  ami  ne\vsi»apers  treatinjjf  of  ajiricultiiral  sub- 
jects for  the  use  of  their  nuMubers;  (7)  by  i)roun)ting  and  favorin^i' 
experiments  in  faruung,  manure,  and  improved  agricultural  maciiiiM  ly 
and  imple  ..cnts. 

The  .loiirnal  of  Agriculture.  i)ublished  t\vic(^  a  moiitli  l)y  tiie  dejiait 
meiit  of  agriculture  in  both  I'higlish  and  French,  is  sent  to  e\ei\ 
meiid>er  of  a  club.  The  Journal  penetrates  now  into  every  region  n\ 
the  Province.  .Many  of  those  clubs  liave  several  nu'etings  every  xcnr, 
in  ordei'  to  hear  lectures  and  discussions  on  agricultural  subjects.  \'\\a 
lecturers  aie  employed  by  the  department  to  give  lectures  before  tliusc 
clubs.  Other  lecturers  also  visit  those  associations,  besides  tlic  salary 
of  the  oflicial  lecturers,  there  is  a  vote  of  .*.'{,(>(»(>  to  pay  the  tra\'elin;; 
expenses  of  those  le(,'turers.  The  salary  of  eai^h  lecturer  is  ><l,(iiiii  ^ 
year.  The  annual  grant  given  by  the  Provincial  government  to  each 
clul»  is  from  8-o  to  $■")(!,  according  to  the  nundx'i'  of  members,  i'lif 
total  amount  paid  last  yeai'  was  811),54l!.71.  Tiu>  number  of  their  ineiii 
bars  was  4(>.!l!>.'l;  they  subscribi'd  8.">1,<*''>T.8"».  In  18S7  they  sjiejil  tin 
agricultural  purposes  8''^o,747.!)-J. 

The  lectures  given  iiefore  the  farmers'  clubs  are  popular  am!  well 
attended.  The  institutes  or  meetings  are  generally  under  the  auspice^ 
of  the  farmers'  cdubs;  sonietlnies  the  lecturers  will  hold  meetings  ei 
farmers  in  a  parish  or  township  where  there  is  no  club,  but,  in  •-luli 
cases,  the  organization  is  not  so  good  and  the  nu'ctings  are  not  sn  well 
attended.  The  ol'licial  lecturers  liohl  every  yeai'  about !.'(»(»  or  ;>(H'  meet 
ings  of  farmers.  .Many  clul)s  hear  lectures  from  persons  not  einpliycd 
by  the  department.  There  ai'e  many  lectures  given  every  \e;ir  Vs 
lioman  Catholic  priests  who  take  an  interest  in  agriculture.  Tin  e\isi 
enee  and  usefulness  of  nniny  clubs  are  due  to  some  of  these  iiiicsts. 
The  annual  progrannne  adopted  by  each  club  must  be  api)roved  hytlic 
commissioner  of  agriculture. 


RHODE    ISLAND. 


18!>1.  No  speeilic  api»ropriation.  About  10  institutes  wciv  licM 
during  the  year  at  an  average  cost  of  about  .*<4()cach.  These  wen  hold 
under  the  auspieces  of  the  State  board  of  agriculture.     For  a  l(  v  win- 


lusiiit't'> 
lilies  til 

:((  Wt'll 

Id  lui'ct 
i]»l,)ycti 

■v:\V  I'V 
iiiests. 


v  will- 


27 

ti  1  s  previous  to  18S0-0(»  the  State  Ajjfricultural  Society  held  a  course 
ni  about  <»  lectures  at  the  society's  rooms  in  I*rovi(lcn(;c,  the  expense 
In  ill j;-  i)artly  borne  by  the  board  of  ajjriciiltuie.  ('(Hiii»aiiitively  lew 
liiiincrs  could  attend  these  iiicetiuj;s,  and  in  .laiuuiry.  )s<M>,  the  board 
licid  an  institute  in  Kingston,  fbllowiiif;'  the  ineetinjiotthe  Statedranye. 
Ailei'  that  date  institutes  weri'  held  in  various  jiarts  of  the  State. 

1S!»!»,  The  liirniers"  institutes  which  are  held  in  IMiode  Island  are 
(•(inducted  under  I  lie  auspices  of  the  State  board  of  ayriciilture,  which, 
b\  law,  is  directed  to  hold  one  institute  in  each  county  and  as  many 
iiHHc  as  may  lie  iiracticable.  The  State  has  .">  counties.  As  many 
ii>  -<i  have  been  held  in  one  year.  They  are  often  held  in  cooper 
at KHi  with  grange  oriianizations.  There  is  no  specilic  sum  set  aside 
1(11  institutes,  but  they  are  supported  iVoiii  the  fjeneral  appropriation 
tiiilieStat<^  board  of  afjrimilture.  I'liree  hundred  dollars  a  year  is 
cdiisideitMl  to  be  a  short  allowance. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

IMM.  The  State  Ajiricultural  Society  lor  a  number  of  years,  com- 
iiicncinjn:  about  ISTt,  held  siinnner  nicetinj;s  in  dillerent  parts  of  the 
St;iie.  at  which  essays  were  read  and  discussions  had  on  ai^riciiltural 
t(ipiis:  but  no  funds  were  approi)riated  for  this  purpose  until  1SS7  or 
l>>s.  after  wiiich  amounts  raii,uinj;'  fioin  8200  to  s;jo(»  were  expended 
iiiiiiiially  for  this  purpose  by  the  department  of  ajifricultiiie,  until  the 
;iliii|isli!iieiit  of  this  department,  which  occurred  in  December.  ISJIO,  the 
(lulies  of  the  department  of  ayriciiUiire  devolviiii;'  upon  the  trustees  of 
Clriiison  A,uriciiltural  <'olle,u('. 

i.S'.t'.t.  About  10  institutes  are  held  annually  under  the  auspices  of 
Cii'iiison  <"olleji;e.  They  are  held  wherever  api)lied  for.  The  total 
iitlriKhinee  durin,!--  IS'.Mt  is  estimated  at  0,000.  About  8l,r»00  per  year 
is;i\ailable  for  tiiis  work,  the  expenses  of  which  are  !)oriie  by  ('leinson 
Cullcue  and  the  experiment  station. 


SOUTH  I 


3TA. 


1^'M.  The  State  le.u'islature  had  authori/ed  the  board  of  (,'ontrol  of 
till  Si;ite  Aji'iicnltural  College  to  pro\  ide  for  holdin.u  larmers"  institutes, 
bill  ippropriated  no  funds  for  tlic  piii'iiost'.  Accordin;^ly,  the  trustee' 
iliit'  led  llie  laculty  of  the  college  to  provide  programmes  and  arrange 
lin  I  »>eiies  of  live  institutes  during  December  and  .lanuary,  l<S!)l-!tl' 
As  ii.i  funds  were  appropriated.  conse(|uently  all  expenses  had  to  l»e 
iin'i  iiy  tiie  communities  where  institutes  were  desired.  The  college 
luii:  111  a  roster  of  its  oHicers  who  could  take  i)art  in  theiiistitiite  work, 
with  I  he  subject  which  they  wished  to  discuss.  (Jommunities  that 
ilesih  il  institutes  ai)plie(l  directly  to  the  college. 

1>  '.  All  institutes  are  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  State  Agri- 
^'iilti'ial  College.  There  is  a  director  oi"  the  farmers"  institutes,  wlio  is 
paid  iy  the  State  api»ropriation.      The   number  of  institutes   is   not 


?'i 


f 


% 


■i 


r  m 


$ 


28 

liiiiifed.  About  35  arc  held  each  year.  Any  secition  in  which  suflicitiit 
interest  obtains  can  have  jnovidcd  for  it  an  institute  by  inakin^i'  apiili- 
catioii  to  the  director.  The  hist  lej,'ishitar«'  appiopriated  8-,0(t()  tor  liu- 
farniei's'  institutes.  This  is  for  one  year.  There  is  no  State  depart- 
ment of  a<;ricultiire  in  South  Dakota  but  there  is  a  State  l)oar(l  of 
aj-rieulture,  \viii(;h  has  cliarj^e  of  the  State  fair. 

TENNESSEE. 

18!H.  There  was  no  appropriation  for  the  special  purpose  of  or^-^aii- 
i/.in.y'  fanners'  institutes,  but  thi^  commissioner  of  a<;riculture  had 
()rj;ani/e«l  institutes  in  over  oiieiialf  of  the  State.  The  work  was  (jnuc 
by  the  assistant  (commissioners  in  connection  with  their  <;eneral  work. 
and  tliey  were  paid  out  of  tiie  general  approi)riation  made  for  tlic 
department  of  aj;ricnlture. 

ISlMt.  Institutes  are  iield  under  the  auspices  of  the  e\|)erimenj  sta 
tion,  about  "s"*!***  <>f  tiie  station  funds  bein^'  set  aside  for  tlie  work. 
This  work  was  bejiun  in  .lanuary,  I8t)9.  l)urinj.f  the  year  13  institutes 
were  hehl  under  station  auspices,  with  an  estimated  total  attendance  of 
L',  too.  There  is  a  department  of  agriculture  in  the  State,  which  also 
hohls  institutes. 

TEXAS. 

l.S'.U.     Annual  appropriation  for  institutes  in  this  year  was  >».-)(iu,  to 
be  used  under  the  direction  of  tiie  Aj^i'ricultural  and  Mechanical  Tol 
lege.     It  was  expected  that  one  institute  would  be  held  in  each  <'«n- 
gressional  district. 

ISit!).  There  is  no  system  of  State  institutes  in  Texas.  A  ininihfi 
of  institutes  are  held  throughout  the  year,  each  indei)emlent  ol  llii' 
other.  No  record  is  kept  of  the  number,  but  there  are  probably  imr 
more  than  lo  every  season.  It  is  estimated  that  from  -0  to  lio  wei'c  lieiil 
in  1S!)1),  with  an  average  attendance  of  3.")  to  IT).  The  insfituti>  aif 
s]»ontaneous  in  the  localities  where  held.  Xo  money  is  availalilr  lor 
institutes,  strictly  speaking.  IOx])eriment  station  olhcers  otteii  alK'iid 
the  institutes,  their  expenses  being  met  by  the  station.  Thei'c  is  a 
State  department  of  agriculture  in  Texas,  but  for  lack  of  api)ropriarioiL< 
it  is  able  to  do  little. 

UTAH. 

181(1.     No  ap])roi)riation. 

18!M).  Utah  institutes  are  held  tinder  the  aus])ices  of  the  Auririil 
tural  (College.  At  least  one  institute  per  year  must  be  held  in  tadi 
county  of  the  State,  which  would  require  LMi,  but  a  greater  numbt  r  tiiaii 
this  is  usually  held — about  .">(5  in  180!».  liesides  the  one  in  each  ((Utiity 
re(iuired  by  law,  the  institutes  are  usually  held  at  places  wluii'  tlif 
people  ap])ly  for  them.  Fifteen  hundred  dollars  is  the  perinaiient 
annual  appro])riation  to  meet  the  traveling  expenses  of  those  wlio  take 
part  in  the  institutes.     The  professors  are  expected  to  contribnlc  tbr 


29 

time.  All  aiiniiiil  bulletin  is  printiMl,  which  contains  the  lecturt's  j;iveii 
at  wluit  is  teniu'd  a  central  institute,  one  of  which  is  hehl  eacli  year. 
Tlic  institute  hiw  also  makes  it  the  duty  of  those  conductiiij;  institutes 
to  (iicmira^^e  and  assist  the  oi<,»anizatioii  of  local  aji'ricultural  societies. 
Thiic  is  no  State  department  of  a{,'riculture. 

VERMONT. 

IS'.M.  At  this  time  there  was  an  annual  apiiroiniation  of  .$2,500  for 
instil utes.  I"]very  other  year  a  reiiort  was  printed  by  the  board  of 
a.nriciilture  at  a  cost  of  •'i'l, "»()(►. 

IS'.iil.  At  i)reseiit  institutes  are  held  in  Vermont  under  the  auspi(;es 
iiftlic  State  board  of  agriculture,  a  body  of  six  men,  all  };ubernatorial 
a|ili(iiiitiiieiits.  The  number  ranj^es  from  25  to  40  a  year.  The  law 
r('(|uiifd  the  board  to  hold  ;it  least  one  meeting  in  every  county  each 
yt';ir.  The  meetings  are  placed  more  i)articularly  in  accordance  with 
ln(  mI  rc(|uest,  once  the  terms  of  the  law  are  fullilled  ;  thus  some  enmities 
have  Itiit  a  single  meeting,  others,  it  may  be,  four.  I'ive  thousand  dol- 
liiis  aiiiiually  is  appropriated  for  this  purpose.  At  no  time  has  this 
aiiioiiiit  been  spent.  Then?  is  no  State  department  of  agriculture,  as 
>ii(li.  ill  the  State.  The  State  board  of  agriculture  is  the  central  agri- 
iiiliiiral  bureau. 

VIRGINIA. 


1'>!M.  At  this  date  there  was  no  ai)i)ropriiition  for  farmers'  institutes, 
iiltlHiugh  the  State  board  of  agri(ailture  used  ^li.io  of  the  general  funds 
lor  tliis  piu'po.se. 

l>ili'.t.  Ill  N'irginia  there  is  no  regular  institute  bureau,  nor  any  jier- 
soii  charged  with  the  conduct  of  the  institutes.  The  State  board  of 
ii,i;iiriilture  used  to  hold  some  half  dozen  oi'  so  institutes  during  tin? 
rinirx'  of  a  year,  iiaying  the  expenses  of  the  same  out  of  its  own  funds, 
but  Km  eiitly  this  has  been  drojiped.  There  are,  however,  a  number  of 
cMclleiit  farmers'  clubs  in  the  State  which  carry  <>ii  the  institute  work 
tVoiii  \eiir  to  year  at  their  own  expense,  if  tlieycan  not  secure  assistance 
troll!  the  State  board  of  agriculture,  or  from  the  rolytechnic  Institute 
A^rii'iiltural  College).  It  is  the  cu.stom  of  the  institute  always  to  aid 
tliciii  by  furnishing  at  least  one  speaker.  The  number  varies  not 
more  than  a  hiilf  dozen  in  one  year:  but  of  lesser  meetings  not  strictly 
institutes,  a  considerable  number  are  held  over  the  Stiite.  There  is  a 
State  (lepartment  of  agriculture,  which  is  charged  with  the  fertilizer 
iork,  and  has  at  its  head  a  commissioner  of  agriculture  and 


until 


'■ini)i(i\  -;  chemists.  By  recent  amendment  of  the  State  fertilizer  law, 
't  is  I  \i.,.cted  that  tlic!  income  of  the  dei)artinent  will  be  niaU'iially 
i'l'it'i-ed.  and  the  holding  of  institutes  is  to  lie  made  a  feature  of  the 
«(iik  ni  the  department. 


'4; 


j.<j 

■i?' 

i"-I 

i 

.;•>,;{ 

If 

.*; 

;*■ 

,V' 

i>' 

.^ 

■t« 

s 

j 

I  •? 


30 

WASHINGTON. 

ISOl.     No  jipiiiopriatioii. 

ISIHI,  Institutes  ill  Wiisliiiigtoii  arc  licld  under  tlio  iiiisi)ic;('s  of  tlic 
State  ('x'pcriinciit  station.  'I'liey  arc  licld  as  often  as  <'omniunities  re 
(jiiest  tlieni  and  nieinbers  of  tlie  stalf  can  be  detailed  to  attend  tlieni  — 
usually  Ut  to  20  a  year.  No  definite  sum  is  provided,  ivxpenses  aiv 
borne  from  the  {general  State  appropriation  to  the  Ajt^rieultural  Colleyi . 
There  is  no  State  department  of  ajirieulture. 

W^EST  VIRGINIA. 

ISOl.     No  ap|)roi>riation. 

ISl)!),  All  the  fanners'  institutes  in  West  \'ir<j!nia  are  lield  iiikU  r 
the  aiisinees  of  the  State  l)oard  of  aj^ricultiire.  Diirinj;'  tiie  fiscal  year 
ended  September  .'10,  IS!)!),  (17  institutes  wen;  held  in  the  ")">  counties  of 
the  State,  the  estimated  total  attendance  beiiii:  14.000.  There  is  one 
county  institute,  and  then  a  second  one  in  the  same  county  when  nnidi 
interest  is  manifested.  Annual  appid|)riati(»n  to  the  ])oard,  inciiidiiiu 
salaries,  ]uintiiii,s  lookinjj'  after  diseased  aiiiinais,  etc.,  is  mT.SOO.  abnir 
$2,."J00  of  which  goes  for  institutes.  The  board  may  use  more  or  less. 
at  its  discretion. 

WISCONSIN. 

18!n.  Annual  appropriation.  >.''r-;,000.  The  tirst  funds  were  given  in 
ISSf).  The  lirst  two  years  the  annual  appropriation  was  i?5,000.  Tlic 
|)r()ceedings  of  the  institutes  were  printed  each  year  in  a  volume,  nt' 
which  ol.OOO  are  issued.  From  70  io  75  institutes  were  held  diirinu  the 
winter,  with  an  average  attendance  of  over  ."»00. 

l.S!)!».  In  Wisconsin  institutes  are  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
board  of  regents  of  the  State  (niversity.  About  ll'O  meetings  mc 
held  each  year,  distributed  as  evenly  over  the  State  as  possible.  Tlic 
nuinbei'  iield  in  ISOO  was  127,  with  an  aggregate  attendance  of  al'^iit 
r»."">,000.  An  annual  appropriation  of  >!l2,000  for  their  maintenance  Ims 
been  voted  by  the  legislature.  There  is  a  State  board  oi"  agriculi mo 
in  Wisconsin  which  as  yet  bears  no  official  relation  to  the  instiliirs 
The  Agricultural  College  cooperated  witii  the  institnti's  to  the  exicpl 
of  doing  a  limited  amount  of  work  at  a  few  institute  meetings.  Oin  of 
the  most  important  parts  of  the  work  is  the  [)iiblication  of  (ic  'UMI 
copies  each  year  of  the  I'armcrs"  Institute  Bulletin,  which  has  pivcil 
Very  popular. 

W^YOMING. 

l.S!tl.     No  ai)propriation. 

IS!)!),  Little  attempt  has  yet  been  made  to  hold  farmers'  instit  tcs 
in  Wyoming.  At  Lander,  a  iiiw  years  ago,  the  farmers  organi/.ed  n'l 
held  a  \\^\\  local  institutes.  There  is  no^tate  department  of  agriciil  urc 
or  society  |>ertaiiiing  to  agricultural  pursuits,  except  the  \Vyoii  n.- 
Live  Stock  (.commission.     No  money  is  avadable  lor  institute  \\  ak, 


ttiiiUwU 


31 


iiiiltss  it  1)0  taken  from  colloge  or  station  fnnds.  Affricnltnn*.  and 
lidiiMiiIturi'  me  new  in  NVyoniing;  the  population  is  small  and  widely 
sell  It  red;  but  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  station  ollicers  that  tlu'  time  has 
lOMii  III  hejjin  the  institutes  and  to  place  the  work  of  the  station  and 
ciilhut'  before  the  farmers  and  ranchmen. 

SUMMARY. 

The  most  noticeable  feature  in  the  foresoinj,'  statistics  is  the  fact  that, 
with  ;ibont  three  exceptions,  every  State  and  ])rovince  is  makiufj  an 
fllnii  ti)  reach  the  farmers  by  means  of  institutes.  In  most  ot  the  older 
Sruli  -  tiie  institute  movcnuMit  has  passed  its  cxpcriincntal  stage,  and 
i>;  s(i  well  grounded  in  jmblic  (tpinion  and  i)olicy  as  to  be  a  rccoj^nized 
jKiit  nf  i;(ivcriinu'ntal  or  <'ducational  machinery. 

Tlir  second  I'eatnre  in  importance  is  tiie  variety  of  ways  in  which  the 
iii>iit!iiis  are  promulgated  and  administrated.  The  maciiinery  of 
ailiMiiiistratioii  is  (if  two  {general  kinds — it  may  be  dii'eetly  undei'  <;-ov- 
ciiiiiicnlal  auspices,  (ir  direelly  in  tlie  iiands  ot'  an  educational  institu- 
tion. I'Ih'  ffovci  nmental  control  nuiy  b(^  of  four  j.jcneral  kinds — in 
cliinje  ot'  a  State  department  of  afiiiculture,  in  charge  of  an  independ- 
t'lii  ."-i;iie  <illicer,  in  charge  of  (lounty  organizations,  in  charge  of  rural 
MKiities  which  receive  State  oi'  i)rovincial  liounties.  Of  tiie  17  States 
and  jiidvinces  reported  in  the  foregoing  pages,  lit  have  farmers'  insti- 
tuic-  more  or  less  under  govei'iimental  control,  ami  'J.'!  liaxc  them  under 
ilic  aiisjiices  of  the  agricultural  ct)]lege  or  experiment  station.  The 
uicalci  number  of  instan(H's  in  which  governmental  control  olttainsare 
ill  the  older  States;  and  it  is  in  the  older  States  that  the  machinery 
nl  unvci  iinuMital  bureaus  was  likely  to  have  been  well  established 
lii'lmv  tlie  colleges  became  thoroughly  intrenched  in  public  opinion,  in 
llii'f  iiiadiaii  pi'o\inces,  the  institute  work  j)ro('eeds  directly  from  gov- 
iMiiiiiciilal  departments,  and  the  sanuMs  true  in  the  following  States: 
'luiiK  rti(Mit.  Delaware,  Illinois,  Iowa.  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine, 
Ma--,irliiisetts,  Missouri,  New  Hampshire,  New  .lersey,  New  York, 
Nintli  Carolina.  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Khode  Island, 
Vcniiniii.  West  N'irginia.  Tiiese  States  nundjer  1!>.  and  they  (!oin])rise 
all  the  States  east  of  ami  including  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The 
>i;it(  >  in  which  the  institutes  are  directly  under  the  auspices  of  the 
auiiiiiltuial  college  or  experiment  station  are:  Arkansas,  (Jalilbi'iiia, 
•olniiilo.  Florida,  (i(M)rgia,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Maryland.  Michigan, 
■MiniK   (ita.  Mississippi,  .Montana.   Nebraska,  Oregon,  South  Carolina, 

IVniii  .sec,  Utah,  Washington.  Wisconsin.  These  States  also  number 
I''-  111!  1  liiey  arc  Southern  and  Western  States.  There  remain  a  num- 
'"'I'H  >iates  in  which  the  institutes  are  not  well  organized  or  in  which 
tlieyn".'  under  dual  control.  Of  the  V.)  States  in  which  tiie  institutes 
''iiiiiiia:.'  irom  ( i over n men t  bounty,  three  (  Delaware,  Illinois,  lowai  pros- 
'•' uif  !!"•  work  on  the  basis  of  county  organizations;  in  the  lemaining 

'•'the    uik  is  more  intimately  connected  with  a  State  department  of 

ii.uriciil    ire,  and  which  has  additional  duties. 


32 

Twenty-one  States  and  provinces  make  stated  and  specilic  apjiru 
priations  Ibi  institute  woriv,  and  tiie  amounts  aggregate  •$  140, 44<J.7l'.  In 
tiie  other  States  and  provinces  the  atnount  of  funds  to  be  devoted  f<i 
the  work  is  more  or  less  discretionary,  and  is  derived  from  general 
iiI>pro[)riiitions  to  the  dejjartment  of  agriculture,  from  bounties  depend 
ent  upon  the  number  of  participants  in  the  institutes,  or  from  the  funds 
of  the  college  or  experiment  station.  The  writer  estimates  these  annual 
expenditures  in  the  past  year  (1899)  to  have  been  $.'{(),(tO().  Nine  States 
and  one  i)rovin(e  make  siiecilic  appropruitions  of  $."»,0(K)  and  more: 
New  York,  m20,()()();  Ohio,  $10,34(5.72;  Illinois,  $15,0o0;  Minnesota, 
*i;{,r)()(»;  Pennsylvania,  $1L*,500;  Wisconsin,  §12,000;  Ontario,  .|9,;)(i(i: 
Michigan,  .*r),.")(l(»;  Indiana,  8'"»,000;  Vermont,  8r>,000.  Altogetlitr 
there  is  a  grand  total  of  more  than  $170,000  expended  for  tarnurs' 
institutes,  or  twice  the  sum  estimated  to  have  been  exi)ended  in  iNi'l, 

From  statistics  (collated  by  the  Otiice  of  Kxperiment  Stations  it  is 
estimated  that  about  2,000  institutes  were  held  in  the  Tnited  States 
during  ISOO,  which  were  attended  by  over  half  a  million  fariii'  's. 

The  importance  of  institutes  as  factors  in  the  general  edui  ation  (tf 
farmers  in  some  of  the  States  where  they  have  been  most  successful 
may  be  indicated  by  the  following  brief  statistics: 

In  Wisconsin  there  are  now  annually  held  120  institutes,  with  an 
average  attendance  of  over  AOjOOO  persons;  in  Massachusetts  12.1  insti- 
tutes, with  an  attendance  of  about  11,000  farmers;  in  West  Virginia 
over  (50  institutes,  with  a  total  attendance  of  14,000;  in  Minnesota  "jO 
institutes,  of  two  or  three  days  each,  with  an  attendance  at  each  of 
from  300  to  1,000;  in  Indiana  100  institutes,  with  an  attendance  of  over 
2r),000;  in  Kansas  135  institutes,  with  a  total  attendance  of  20,000;  in 
Michigan  institutes  in  nearly  every  county,  and  a  total  attendance 
reported  to  reach  120,000;  in  Nebraska  (10  institutes,  with  a  total 
atteiidaiu-e  of  over  2(5,000;  in  Pennsylvania  about  300  institutes,  with 
a  total  attendance  of  over  50,000;  in  Ohio  250  institutes  in  .S8  counties, 
with  an  aggregate  attendance  of  about  90,000;  in  New  ^■ork  overlOd 
institutes  yearly,  with  a  total  attendance  of  about  75,000;  in  Galiiornia 
about  8(>  institutes  annually,  with  a  total  attendance  of  16,000. 

One  who  considers  these  (igiires  must  be  impressed  with  the  larjrc- 
ness  of  the  tdlbrt  which  is  being  made  to  improve  the  agricultural 
condition.  (Jenerous  as  they  are,  they  arestill  greatly  inadecpiate  to  the 
work  which  needs  to  be  done,  and  the  next  decade  will  see  much  laiuor 
sums  appropriated.  ICven  without  knowing  it,  the  ])ublic  is  coining  to 
see  that  the  mere  establishment  of  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment 
stations  and  State  depiutments  of  agriculture  is  not  suflicient  to  consum- 
mate tlu'  education  of  the  rural  population;  for  farmers  are  a  solitary 
peoi)le  and  do  not  combine  as  readily  as  those  of  other  occupations. 


•  I  •> 


OFFICIALS    IN    CHARGE    OF    FARMERS    INSTITUTES    IN    THE 

UNITED    STATES. 


A  I  AT. A  MA 


\KI/llS  A    . 
Al:l%AN>A> 


I   \i.ii  1  ii;ma 


.  I.  1'.  Ciilvci .  ( '(■iiiiiiiN-.ioiiir  of  Ai;i  ii'iiltiin'.  Montjjiiiiifry. 
CA.(  ai\.  Ahil):iin;i  l'<il\  Iicliiiii-  Instil  iitc,  Aiiliiini. 
.  |{.  II.  I'oilio,  I  »iriMtiii'  .\L;rii"  illiir:il  I'.\|m  riiiiciit  Stiitmn,   riiiHuii. 
.  W.  (J.  \  iin.iijicllfr,   .Vni  icMilt  iii:il    i'.\|ii'riiiiciit   Stiitioii.    I'mvcIIi'- 

.  I!.  .1.  Wick  son,  I  'iii\  (•r>it  \  ><{'  (  .ill  Im  iihi.  I'm  rki'jiv. 


i».  r.  r 


iw  111.    (  '(HhIii 


•tor    l';iriiui  i'    liistitiili--    lor   (I'litr.il    :iuil 


I  ■  I.'  ii;  \lii> 


NoiiJHiii  ( ':ilitoriii.i,  I'liMkrifv. 
.\.  .1.  (  oolv.  (  (iiiiliutor  F:iiiiicr>"  liisti  I  iiiiN   for  Smiihiiii  (alifor- 

iiia,  (  lart'iiiiiiil. 
Ii.  <  •.  A\  IcsuDrlli.  I 'n  side 'lit  St  III'  .\'^ri<'iili  ural  (  o||il;c,  j'ort  (Jol- 


t  .  .s  M.CI  K  I    1 


I'll  \\\  Ai;i: 


!  I  "i;ii>A 
M  Mia, I  \ 


•I'.S.tioM. 


Sciiilai  \ 


■•stall-  lloaiil  of  .Vifririiit  m  I'.  Wtst  (  oriiwall. 


i.  1 1,  .'staillinui^llir.    S   iirtaiv   ( 'oiiiirrl  ii^iil    I  iair\  iiifii 's   Associa- 

I  ion,  l-'.iiiiw  ooij, 
.1.  II.  Ml' 111  111  a  II.  Sc(H'iarv  (  iiiiiicil  iiiil  I'oiMoln^Ira!  .s-oiiet  v.  New 


■  ritain. 


W 


fsli   V 


W'clili,    Siiiicriiilciiilcii 


t     I'aiiiii'r>'     Iiisiiti.ti'     f'lr    Kent 


Coniit.N,  I'o\ii. 
A. '1.  Ncaln  ■  I  •inrtor  .Kurii'iilriiral   l^x|)i;riiiiciit   .•statiom.  .•snpir- 

iiitriidiiil  I'aiiiicr.s'  liisi  itiitc  lor  \r\\  castli'  (  ount  \ .  New  ark. 
.s.  1 1.  .Mcssiiiv,  Scr 'ftarv   Fariiii'rs'   Institute   for  .'^lls>n\   ((iiiiii\-. 


iriU'.^r\  111!'. 

I-'..  Stock  !iriil;t<' 


.Auriciiitnral  Collei;^,  l<al<i'  ('it,\ 


11.  ( '.  W'liili-,  I  'resident  St  a  to  ( 'ollcm'  of  A'^iriiiilturc  and  .M(ilja:iit: 

Art.s.  Athens. 
I'.ditor  Ailanta  I'.^cniii'.;  .loiiriial,  .\thiiiia. 

.1.  I*.  lilantoti,  I  liii'itor  .\^ricnll  111  a!  I'!\]ii-i  iiiicnt  Stat  ion.  Muscuw. 
A.   i'l.    I  lo-,trt  trr,   Siiju'ruili'iidt'iit   oi'  I'ariiirrs'   In-litntr,   S|iiinL;'- 

li.^ld. 
I ;    I  lavi'iiimrt,  I  lea  n  ( 'olli',;r  iif  .\;;riculi  iiii^.  I  'ni\-rrsit  \-  of  I  lliiioisj 

I  I'liaiia. 


irrinifiii  >':it  ion.  I.:ilaviti< 


.  W.  ('.  I.:itta.  Auriciiitiir.il  \'.\] 

.  li.  N'an  lloiitiii.  Sec rotar\  Slate  lioard  of  \ni  iciiltiiri',  I  )cs  Mi 


W.  .M.  licardsjifar.   I'rcsidcnt  Stale   Colics,    of  Aeiiciiltmc  and 
Mi'cliaiiic  .\rts,  Anics. 

Kansas I.    T.  W  ijl.ird,  liircctor  .\;.;riciiitiiral    l-^xpci  inicnt   Station,    .Man- 
hattan. 

KiNMiKV I,.  .Moori',  As.siHtant   (  oinmissioncr  of   Auriciiitiirc,    l.,il)or.   ami 

Statistics.  l'r:inkfort. 
M.  A,  Scovclj.  I  )i  rector  Auriciilt  ural  I'.  \|it'rinii'nt  Station,  l.cNiiij:;- 
ton. 

I.oi  ;~i.\.\  A I..  .Iastrciiisl<i,  I'oimiiissioncr  of  .\j;-rictiltnie,  I  Sat  on  li'oiitri'. 

M  VIM   H.  \V.  McKfcti,  Si'cretarx  State  Mciard  of  A.ericnltiiro,  .\iij;iista. 

Mai  ^  uMi W.  L.  .Viiioss.  Kirei'tor  I'^arincrs"  Institutes,  (ojlejjii  Park, 

M.i 


in  si;tis..    ,I.  W,  Stoekwell,  Secretary  Stat(^  lioanl  of  Aurieiiltiire,  liostoii 


111   111    ,AN  . 


Ml 


NM  ^111  A  . 


.(',  P.  Siiiitii,  Director  Ajiriciiltiiral  I'-xpennicut  Station,  Ai;riciil- 

turai  CoUetie. 
.(».('.  (ire;;e-,  Sinierilitendetit  rarniers'  Iiistitilles.  I,viid. 


-ii'i'i W.  L.  Hutchinson,  liirector   Ajfriciiltnral    I'^xiieriiiieiii    Statiou, 


Ml 


ii  .. 


Ajirit'iiltural  t'oUej^e. 
I.  Iv.  Rii)i)ey,  Secretary  Stiite  ISoard  of  Ayiiciiltiire,  (  olmnliia. 


17073— ^■o.  79 ;3 


i:  I 


Montana  

Nkiihahka 

NkW  IlAMl'SlllltK 

Nk.w  .Ikksky 

Nk.w  YoitK 

Noiciii  ('aiw)I,ixa 
NuKTii  Dakota  . 

Ohio 

OUKi.ON 

PkNNSYI.N  ANl  \      . 

l\llo|iK    Isl.ANU.. 

8ol"ni    (AHUI.INA 

So  I  Til  Dakoia  . 
Tknxes.skk 

Tkxas  

iTAIl 

Vkhmont  

Vik<;ixia  

Washinotox  . .. 
West  ViiuiiNiA  . 
Wisconsin 


84 


..I.  Kciil,  I'i'ottiileiit  ('()llc;{(!   lit'  AKrii'ultiirc   an<l   Mechaiiir  ArtN, 

1{(|/I'IIIUU. 

. .  K.  A.  Itiii'iictf,  I  iiiviTsity  <>('  NcliraHka.  Lincoln. 

.N..I.  Hiicliildt^r,  Secretary  State   Hdunl  of  Agriculture,  (onrord. 

..F.  I )y«',  Secretary  State  ItoanI  of  Ajiricnltiin-.  Trenton. 

..!•'.  v..  Hawley.  Uirertor  of  Institute?*,  Kayetteville. 

.  -S.  L.  PallerMoii.  ( '<)inniis>ioner  of  Ajjriciilinie.  Iialei^h. 

,  .K.  K.  Kaiifinau,  Assistant  Dairy  C'onnnissioner.  Farno. 

..W.  \V.  Miller,  Secretary  State  l"oar<l  of  A;;riciiltnre.  Coliinilms. 

,..!.  Withycoinlie.  Vice-ilire(  tor  AuriiMiltural  Kx))eriinent  Station, 
CorvalliH. 

..A.  I..  Martin,  Dejuity  Secretary  of  .Vgriiultnre  and  Director  ^■.■l^- 
niirs'  Iii8titiite>.  Harrislturu- 

.(J.  A,  Stockwell,  .Secretary    State  Hoanl  of  .\jjricnltnri'.  Provi- 
dence. 

.H.  S.  Hart/.oj;,   PrcHidcnt   C'leni8<in    Auricultural   Collejje,  Cleiu- 
Hon  Colleije. 

...S.  A.  Cochrane,  Director  Farmers'  IiiHtitiite,  llnokinuH. 

.T.  H.  Paine,  Coniniissioncr  of  Auriciiltnre,  Nashville. 
1.  H.  Hroonie,  Secretary  Agricultural  Kxperinient  Station,  Kiio\- 
ville. 

-.1.  II.  Counell,  Director  Agricultural  Hxperiiuent  Station,  <'ollc<;e 
Station. 

..,!.  M.  'I'auner.  President  Agricultnral  College,  Logan. 

. .('.  ,1.  Hell,  Secretary  State  Hoard  of  Aiiriculture.  Fast  Hard \v irk. 

..(J.  W.  Koincr,  Coiiinii.ssioiier  of  Agriculture,  Hichmond. 
.L  M.  McHryde,  Presiilent  Polytechnic  Institute,  lilacksburg. 

i  Station.  Pullman. 


Agr 


>;perii 


.  D,  M.  Silliman,  Institute  Director,  Charleston. 

.Li,  McKorrow  ,  Suitoriuteiideut  I'anners'  Institute.-*.  Madison 


o 


r,i. 


L 


tuti  lur 


